深埋岩体隧道开挖面三维非线性挤出效应分析

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0448

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摘要深埋高应力覆存环境下的岩体隧道处于复杂真三维应力状态，围岩力学行为与浅埋隧道存在明显差异，传统的强度理论与分析方法已经不能满足深埋隧道围岩稳定性精细化分析的要求；开挖面三维空间效应问题在浅埋隧道设计与施工常被简化甚至忽略，但其对深埋隧道围岩稳定和施工安全的影响必须予以重视。为此，以西部典型深埋隧道为对象，建立精细的三维地质模型和隧道数值分析模型，采用三维GZZ强度准则对不同埋深隧道的开挖过程进行三维有限元模拟，分析开挖面三维非线性空间效应，揭示开挖过程复杂应力路径及非线性挤出变形的时效演变机制。研究表明：(1) 采用现场三维照相、激光扫描和三维重构等数字化采集技术，可快速、自动、准确获取岩体GSI等GZZ准则输入参数，实现了深埋隧道围岩稳定性三维分析；(2) 深埋隧道开挖面挤出变形比浅埋隧道更加显著，挤出变形主要为塑性变形，变形量随埋深呈现出抛物线变化，且开挖面进入塑性屈服状态早于洞周围岩；(3) 开挖面前后3～4 m范围内具有显著的三维空间效应，3个主应力均发生了巨大变化，且伴随明显的应力主轴旋转，该现象主要由开挖面处急剧增加的切应力导致；(4) 开挖面中心岩石应力水平I1远低于洞周围岩，开挖卸载导致的岩体不稳定性比处于加载状态的洞周围岩更加严重；(5) 深埋隧道钢拱架扭曲变形和围岩非均匀纵向变形主要与s3和s2有关，且超过一定埋深时，s2的作用显著增加。

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	蔡武强1
	梁文灏1
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关键词 ：岩石力学, 深埋岩体隧道, 开挖面挤出, 三维空间效应, 应力主轴旋转, GZZ强度准则

Abstract：Deep rock tunnels are often in complicated true triaxial stress state and the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock is significantly different from that in shallow tunnels，resulting in that the commonly applied strength criteria and tunnel design methods obtained from shallow tunnels cannot meet the requirement of the refined rock stability analysis for deep tunnels. The three-dimensional(3D) space effect near tunnel faces is often simplified or ignored in design and operation of a shallow tunnel，but its influence on rock stability and construction safety of deep tunnels must be paid enough attention to. The 3D geological model and tunnel numerical calculation model were established according to a typical deep rock tunnel in western China. Based on the GZZ strength criterion，the 3D finite element numerical simulation of the excavation process of tunnels with different buried depths was carried out to study the 3D and non-linear space effects of the deep tunnel face，and thus to reveal the complicated stress path and the time-dependent evolution mechanism of non-linear extrusion deformation during the deep tunnel excavation. The research results show that：(1) the input parameters of GZZ strength criterion such as rock mass GSI can be quickly，automatically and accurately obtained with the help of digital acquisition technologies such as on-site 3D photography，laser scanning and 3D reconstruction，which helps to realize the 3D positive analysis of the surrounding rock stability；(2) the extrusion deformation of the excavation face of a deep-buried tunnel，more significant than that of a shallow-buried tunnel，is mainly plastic and shows a parabolic nonlinear relationship with the buried depth，while the plastic yield state of the excavation face precedes the surrounding rock；(3) there is a significant 3D space effect in the range of 3 - 4 m before and after the tunnel face，and all the three principal stresses undergo tremendous changes accompanied by an obvious rotation of the principal stress axis，which are mainly caused by the sharp increase of the shear stress at the tunnel face；(4) the stress level I1 at the core of the tunnel face is much lower than that of the surrounding rock，but the instability of the tunnel face caused by excavation unloading is more serious than that of the surrounding rock caused by loading；and (5) the distortion of the steel arch and the non-uniform longitudinal deformation of the surrounding rock in deep-buried tunnels are mainly related to s3 and s2，and the effect of s2 increases significantly when the buried depth exceeds a certain depth.

Key words： rock mechanics deep-buried rock tunnel extrusion of tunnel face principal stress rotation complex stress path GZZ strength criterion

引用本文:

蔡武强1，梁文灏1，2，朱合华1，3. 深埋岩体隧道开挖面三维非线性挤出效应分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(9): 1868-1883.
CAI Wuqiang1，LIANG Wenhao1，2，ZHU Hehua1，3. Three-dimensional and nonlinear face extrusion effects of deep-buried rock tunnels under excavation unloading. , 2021, 40(9): 1868-1883.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0448 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I9/1868

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