全伺服式中等应变率三轴试验系统的研制及应用

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0827

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摘要开展中等应变率试验将有利于理解全应变率空间材料力学特性的率效应特征。为弥补国内外中等应变率试验设备的不足，自主研制RMT401全数字伺服式中等应变率三轴试验系统，主要由3个子系统组成：高频轴向加载系统、全数字围压伺服控制系统与数据采集系统。该系统具备轴向加载和围压的伺服控制功能，实现了动态试验中轴向应变率的稳定加载与围压波动的控制。另外，荷载和变形等参数的高精度量测可获取中等应变率范围(10－2～100 s－1)岩石的动态力学特性。为研究应变率和围压对岩石材料力学特性的影响，对红砂岩试样开展中等应变率动三轴试验，结果表明：中等应变率加载条件下，试样加载持时的变化范围为数十毫秒至数十秒；应变率的增加将导致加载持时呈指数递减的变化趋势，而围压的增加将导致加载持时整体增加；不同应变率条件下，材料峰值强度的应变率效应特征可通过幂函数方程描述；不同围压条件下，Mohr-Coulomb与Hoek-Brown破坏准则对材料峰值强度均具有较好的拟合效果，红砂岩的黏聚力c = 22.8 MPa，内摩擦角= 38°，材料常数m = 12.1；试样破坏模式主要包括单破裂面和双破裂面2种类型，且随应变率和围压的增加逐渐从单破裂面转换为双破裂面类型；双破裂面所对应破裂角的平均值分别为58.3°与－58.2°，与Mohr-Coulomb理论计算所得潜在破裂面的破裂角= ±64°接近。

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	李海波1
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	刘黎旺1
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	李晓锋1
	刘博1
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	李俊如1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 中等应变率, 动三轴试验, 应变率效应, 伺服控制, 围压

Abstract：Conducting intermediate strain rate experiments is of significance to understand the rate effect of material mechanical characteristics in the full strain rate range. To overcome the drawbacks of current experimental apparatuses，a RMT401 intermediate strain rate triaxial test system with fully digitalized and servo-controlled functions was developed，which consists of three subsystems，i.e.，axial loading subsystem with the high-frequency response function，confining pressure subsystem with the fully digitalized servo-controlled function and data acquisition subsystem. Furthermore，the measurement of force and deformation could obtain the dynamic mechanical characteristics of rocks under intermediate strain rate loadings(10－2–100 s－1). To investigate the effects of the confining pressure and the strain rate on mechanical characteristics，a series of dynamic triaxial experiments on red sandstone samples under intermediate strain rate loadings were conducted in this study. The results show that the time to failure of the samples changes from several microseconds to several seconds，and that increasing the strain rate leads to an exponential decrease of the time while the increase of the confining pressure induces an increasing trend of the time. The change of the peak strength as a function of the strain rate can be depicted by a power function formula. As for the effect of the confining pressure，the fitting effects of the peak strength of red sandstone by both Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown failure criteria are both good，yielding the cohesion of 22.8 MPa，the internal friction angle of 38° and the material constant m of 12.1. The ultimate failure patterns mainly include two types including single failure plane pattern and double failure plane pattern. As increasing the strain rate and the confining pressure，the failure pattern gradually changes from the single failure plane pattern to the double failure plane pattern. The mean values of the failure angle for the double failure planes are 58.3° and －58.2°，respectively，which are consistent with the calculation values of = ±64° by the Mohr-Coulomb theory.

Key words： rock mechanics intermediate strain rate dynamic triaxial test strain rate effect servo-controlled confining pressure

引用本文:

李海波1，2，刘黎旺1，2，李晓锋1，刘博1，2，李俊如1，2. 全伺服式中等应变率三轴试验系统的研制及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(2): 217-227.
LI Haibo1，2，LIU Liwang1，2，LI Xiaofeng1，LIU Bo1，2，LI Junru1，2. Development and application of intermediate strain rate triaxial test system with the fully servo-controlled function. , 2022, 41(2): 217-227.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0827 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I2/217

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