裂缝后期充填花岗岩体裂缝分布特征研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.1162

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摘要干热岩地热能作为一种绿色、可再生资源，其规模高效开发一直是世界性的研究热点。为解决完整干热岩地热EGS(enhanced geothermal system)开发所面临的热交换体积小、换热效果差等问题，深入研究深部天然干热岩体的裂缝分布特征。通过实地勘察发现，深层花岗岩体构造裂缝普遍会被热液或岩浆充填，形成裂缝后期充填花岗岩体。通过显微观测试验得出，受充填体高温作用影响，裂缝后期充填花岗岩热破裂裂缝数量随着距胶结界面距离的变化可分为裂缝数量平缓波动区、裂缝数量剧烈增加区和裂缝数量波动减小区。裂缝后期充填花岗岩主要产生长度大于50 μm及长度大于100 μm的微裂缝，且不同尺度裂缝数量最大值的位置皆位于距胶结界面一定距离的母岩中。当裂缝充填体厚度为3.4 cm时，裂缝充填体高温作用的单侧影响范围约为1 m。普遍赋存的裂缝充填体使花岗岩母岩形成巨大的弱面结构。通过水力压裂试验得出，弱面结构可成为水力压裂建造人工储留层的破裂通道，并且可大幅减小破裂压力，从而实现规模高效建造干热岩人工储留层。以此为基础研究干热岩地热开采中人工储留层建造新技术，即构成了干热岩地热开发的新的研究方向。

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	阴伟涛

关键词 ：岩石力学, 裂缝充填花岗岩, 显微观测, 裂缝分布特征, 水力压裂, 干热岩地热开发

Abstract：As a kind of green and renewable resources，the scale and efficient development of hot dry rock(HDR) geothermal energy has always been a worldwide research hotspot. In order to solve the problems of small heat exchange volume and poor heat exchange effect in the development of intact HDR geothermal by Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS)，the fracture distribution characteristics of natural deep HDR body were studied. Through field observation，it was found that structural fractures in deep granite bodies were universally filled by hydrothermal fluid or magma，forming fractured-subsequently-filled granite. Through micro-observation test，it is concluded that under the influence of high temperature action of backfill，changes in the number of thermal-cracking fractures of fractured-subsequently-filled granite versus the distance from the cementation interface can be divided into a zone in which the number of fractures fluctuates gently，a zone showing a sharp increase in the number of fractures，and a zone in which the fluctuation in the number of fractures decreases. The fractured-subsequently-filled granite mainly produces micro-fractures with length＞50 μm and length＞100 μm，and the position of the maximum number of thermal-cracking fractures with different length scales is located in the parent rock at a certain distance away from the cementation interface. When the fracture backfill thickness is 3.4cm，the unilateral influence range of the high temperature action of the fracture backfill is about 1 m. The widespread fracture backfill result in the formation of a huge weak-plane structure in the granite parent rock. Through hydraulic fracturing test，it is concluded that the weak-plane structure can be used as fracture channels to construct artificial reservoir through hydraulic fracturing，and can greatly reduce the breakdown pressure，so as to achieve large-scale and efficient construction of HDR artificial reservoirs. On this basis，the research on new technology of artificial reservoir construction in HDR geothermal exploitation constitutes a new research direction for HDR geothermal development.

Key words： rock mechanics fractured-subsequently-filled granite micro-observation fracture distribution characteristics hydraulic fracturing hot dry rock geothermal mining

引用本文:

阴伟涛. 裂缝后期充填花岗岩体裂缝分布特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(9): 2203-2211.
YIN Weitao. Experimental research on the fracture distribution characteristics of fractured-subsequently-filled granite. , 2023, 42(9): 2203-2211.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.1162 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I9/2203

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