煤矿坚硬顶板岩石断裂行为的加载率效应

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0779

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摘要煤矿坚硬顶板岩石断裂力学特征及其断裂机制对煤矿人工切顶工艺优化及切顶效率提升具有关键意义。针对内蒙古准格尔矿区典型坚硬顶板粗砂岩、含砾粗砂岩，利用霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对岩石半圆弯曲试样开展加载率0.35～3.78 GPa•m1/2•s－1条件下的冲断试验，对不同加载率下煤矿坚硬顶板岩石动态断裂行为及能量耗散机制开展研究。结果表明：(1) 冲击作用下，研究区煤矿顶板硬岩断裂韧度在0.76～3.36 MPa•m0.5范围，随加载率提升，研究区煤矿坚硬顶板岩石试样I型断裂韧度呈线性升高趋势，本区坚硬顶板岩石断裂性能加载率效应显著；(2) 低加载率下，坚硬顶板岩石断裂以简单的张性断裂为主，形成与加载方向平行的张性裂缝；中高加载率条件下，顶板砂岩形成中央张性断裂和斜交的剪切裂缝；(3) 随加载率提升，岩石断裂形式由简单张性断裂向剪切–冲压复合式断裂破坏形式转变，试样破碎程度趋于严重，岩石断裂裂缝条数增多而长度降低；(4) 随加载率提升，岩石试样断裂过程中能量吸收效率显著降低，这对于实现高效破岩较为不利。(5) 水力压裂由于加载速率低，同等能耗下能够形成大范围的岩石致裂，有利于提升煤矿坚硬顶板破断效率。而爆破由于加载速率高，形成冲击破碎区范围有限，作为煤矿坚硬顶板人工切顶手段存在一定局限性。

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	陈立超1
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	王生维2
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	张典坤2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 煤矿坚硬顶板, 岩石断裂行为, 加载率效应, 能量吸收效率, 水力压裂

Abstract：The fracture characteristics and fracture mechanism of hard roof rock in coal mines are of key significance for the optimization of the artificial roof caving. Aiming at the hard roof coarse sandstone and gravel-bearing coarse sandstone in the Junger mining area of Inner Mongolia，the semi-circular bending samples of the rock were subjected to the loading rate of 0.35–3.78 GPa•m1/2•s－1 by using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. The dynamic fracture behavior and energy dissipation mechanism of rock under different loading rates are studied. The results show that：(1) under the impact，the fracture toughness of hard roof rock in the coal mine in the study area ranges from 0.76–3.36 MPa•m0.5. With the increase of loading rate，the fracture toughness of hard roof rock samples in the coal mine increases linearly，and the effect of loading rate on the fracture properties of hard roof rocks in the study area is significant. (2) At low loading rate，the fracture of hard roof rock is mainly simple tensile fracture，and the tensile cracks are formed parallel to the loading direction. Under medium and high loading rate，central tensile fracture and oblique shear fracture are formed in the roof sandstone. (3) With the increase of loading rate，the failure modes of hard roof rock changes from simple tensile fracture to shear-punch composite fracture，the degree of rock specimen breakage tends to be serious，and the number of fractures increases while the length decreases. (4) With the increase of loading rate，the energy absorption efficiency of hard roof rock samples during the fracture process is significantly reduced，which is disadvantageous to the realization of efficient rock breaking. (5) Due to the low loading rate，hydraulic fracturing can form a large range of rock fracturing under the same energy consumption，which is conducive to improving the fracture efficiency of hard roof in coal mine. However，due to the high loading rate，blasting has a limited range of impact crushing zone，which has certain limitations as a means of artificial roof caving of hard roof in coal mine.

Key words： rock mechanics coal mine hard roof rock fracture behavior loading rate effect energy absorption efficiency hydraulic fracturing

引用本文:

陈立超1，2，王生维2，3，张典坤2. 煤矿坚硬顶板岩石断裂行为的加载率效应[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(S2): 3876-3883.
CHEN Lichao1，2，WANG Shengwei2，3，ZHANG Diankun2. Effect of loading rate on fracture behavior of hard roof rock in coal mine. , 2023, 42(S2): 3876-3883.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.0779 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/IS2/3876

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