隧道初期支护与围岩相互作用的时空演化特性

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0117

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摘要

支护–围岩动态相互作用机制是支护设计的核心问题。首先基于弹塑性软化模型和非关联流动法则，对深埋圆形隧道进行弹塑性解析，并进一步考虑喷射混凝土的时效特性和隧道施工过程特点，建立初期支护–围岩耦合模型，得到了在隧道开挖过程中，距开挖面不同距离的各分析断面支护与围岩的动态相互作用关系。通过具体实例计算，对型钢和格栅钢架结构在不同支护时机下的支护效果进行了对比分析，并研究喷射混凝土硬化特性对于围岩稳定性控制效果和支护结构安全性的影响，基于此给出了合理支护时机的确定方法。得到如下主要结论：格栅相对于型钢初期支护刚度较小，有利于围岩应力和位移的释放，但同时控制围岩变形能力较差，对于支护时机的变化也更为敏感；对于初期支护而言，喷射混凝土支护力的发展过程可分为缓慢增长、快速增长、增长减缓、趋于稳定4个阶段，且各阶段的分布比例随支护时机变化而有所不同；在支护结构施作早期，喷射混凝土承担的荷载可能大于其当前极限承载能力而导致其失稳；支护时机的选取应综合考虑钢架类型、喷射混凝土硬化特性及隧道掘进速率，在保证支护结构安全性的前提下达到理想的支护效果。该研究成果可对初期支护–围岩动态作用关系进行全过程预测，可使得收敛约束法在隧道支护设计中的应用更为准确，为隧道施工过程中支护结构设计提供理论依据。

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	孙振宇
	张顶立
	房倩
	台启民
	于富才

关键词 ：隧道工程；应变软化；应力释放；混凝土硬化；支护&ndash, 围岩动态相互作用；合理支护时机

Abstract：

The principle of dynamic interaction between surrounding rock and support is the core issue of tunnel support design. Based on the elastoplastic softening model and non-associated flow rule， the elastic-plastic analysis of deep buried circular tunnel is carried out. Then taking into account the aging characteristic of shotcrete and the process of tunnel construction，the coupling model of the interaction of primary support and surrounding rock is established. The dynamic interaction between surrounding rock and support of an analytical section at different places from the face is then obtained during tunnel excavation. Through a specific case study，the supporting effects of steel rib and lattice girder under different supporting opportunities are compared，and the effects of shotcrete hardening characteristic on the stability of surrounding rock control and the supporting structure safety are analyzed，thus the following conclusions are obtained. Lattice girder is more flexible than steel rib，which is favour of the release of surrounding rock stress and displacement，but less able to control surrounding rock deformation and more sensitive to the change of support opportunity. The development of shotcrete supporting force can be divided into four stages including slow growth，rapid growth，growth slowdown and stability，of which the distribution ratio for each stage varies with the supporting time. During the early stage of the supporting structure，the load on shotcrete can be greater than its current limit bearing capacity and leads to its failure. The selection of supporting opportunity should take the steel arch types，shotcrete hardening characteristic and tunnel advancing rate into consideration to achieve the ideal support effect under the premise of supporting safety. Dynamic interaction between primary support and surrounding rock can be forecast and the application of convergence confinement method in tunnel support design can be more accurate by the research results，thus provides a theoretical basis for the support design during tunnel construction process.

Key words： tunnel engineering strain softening stress relief concrete hardening dynamic interaction of support and surrounding rock reasonable supporting opportunity

引用本文:

孙振宇，张顶立，房倩，台启民，于富才. 隧道初期支护与围岩相互作用的时空演化特性[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(S2): 3943-3956.
SUN Zhenyu，ZHANG Dingli，FANG Qian，TAI Qimin，YU Fucai. Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of interaction between primary support and tunnel surrounding rock. , 2017, 36(S2): 3943-3956.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0117 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2017/V36/IS2/3943

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