纳米压痕技术在岩石材料中的应用与研究进展

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1335

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摘要作为一种非均质的复合材料，岩石的宏观性能很大程度上取决于其在微纳观尺度上的结构特性。随着纳米压痕技术的推广和发展，岩石材料的纳观结构力学信息得到了大量的报道。为了解纳米压痕技术在岩石中的研究现状，对国内外相关文献进行了综述。首先，应用纳米压痕技术测试岩石材料的弹性模量、硬度、断裂韧性和时效蠕变的基本原理被阐述。其次，用于纳米压痕测试的样品制备方法和测试参数选择被归纳总结。在此基础上，对页岩、煤、砂岩和泥岩等常见岩石材料的纳观尺度特征进行了总结分类，并分析了影响其纳观力学参数的关键因素。结果表明：由于纳米压痕在力和位移两方面都具有较高的精度，可以用于提取单个晶粒的局部力学特性，这避免了常规力学测试对于试件尺寸的要求。但是纳米压痕测试对于样品的表面粗糙度和加卸载制度有着特定要求，特殊的岩样需要与之匹配的制样方式。此外，岩石的矿物组成和外界环境因素对于材料的纳观力学性能有着重要影响。尽管纳米压痕技术已被广泛应用，但其在岩石材料中的研究起步较晚，在数据分析，多尺度模型搭建和纳–微–细–宏观力学性能传递方面还面临着诸多难点。

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	何智海1
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	倪雅倩1
	杜时贵3
	石锦炎4
	金佳旭5
	詹培敏6

关键词 ：岩石力学, 纳米压痕, 微观力学性能, 蠕变性能, 断裂韧性

Abstract：As a heterogeneous composite material，the macro properties of rock largely depend on the micro-nano scale structural characteristics of the material. With the popularization and development of nanoindentation technology，the nano-mechanical information of rock materials has been widely reported. In order to understand the research status of nanoindentation technology in rocks，the relevant literature at home and abroad is reviewed. First，the basic principles of applying nanoindentation technology to test the elastic modulus，fracture toughness and creep of rock materials are explained. Then，the sample preparation method and test parameter selection for nanoindentation test are summarized. On this basis，the nanoscale characteristics of common rock materials such as shale，coal，sandstone and mudstone are summarized and classified，and the key factors affecting their nanomechanical parameters are analyzed. The results show that due to its high precision in both force and displacement，nanoindentation can be utilized to extract the localized mechanical properties of individual grains，thereby avoiding the requirement of conventional mechanical testing for the size of the specimen. However，the nanoindentation test has specific requirements for the surface roughness of the sample and the loading and unloading regime，and special rock samples need matching sample preparation methods. In addition，the mineral composition and external environmental have an important influence on the nanomechanical properties of the rock material. Although nanoindentation technology has been widely used，its research in rock materials started relatively late，and it still faces many difficulties in data analysis，multi-scale model building and multi-scale mechanical property transfer.

Key words： rock mechanics nanoindentation micromechanical properties creep fracture toughness

引用本文:

何智海1，2，倪雅倩1，杜时贵3，石锦炎4，金佳旭5，詹培敏6. 纳米压痕技术在岩石材料中的应用与研究进展[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(10): 2045-2066.
HE Zhihai1，2，NI Yaqian1，DU Shigui3，SHI Jinyan4，JIN Jiaxu5，ZHAN Peimin6. Application and research progress of nanoindentation technology in rock materials. , 2022, 41(10): 2045-2066.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.1335 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I10/2045

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