基于日累积微震指标与水位关联效应的底板突水预警方法与应用

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1209

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摘要煤矿底板突水灾害定量化预警的难点在于敏感性指标的选取，当前基于微震的突水预警往往选取多源数据，缺乏与导水裂隙发育更为密切的指标的精细分析。根据赵固一矿16091工作面现场监测手段，分析得到微震事件频次、能量指标与水位变化的响应特征，实践表明微震与水位具有很好的时空关联性，基于此建立基于微震–水位的底板突水灾害综合预警指标。研究结果表明：(1) 在微震高频次、高能量时间段，水位开始下降，一段时间后涌水量相应增大；在微震低频次、低能量时间段，水位开始上升，观测孔水位的下降时间和幅度与距离工作面空间位置相对应，表明微震与水位在时间、空间上具有明显关联性。(2) 在开采扰动与底板水压共同作用下，煤层底板微震事件频次增多、能量增大、范围不断延伸，进而形成导水通道，观测孔水位出现下降；随着周期来压后裂隙逐渐闭合，此时微震事件呈低频次、低能量，承压水水位在水源补给下上升到一定高度后趋于稳定。(3) 基于微震与水位的关联效应，以底板微震日累积频次、日累积能量、4个观测孔水位日下降量为基础参量，通过基础指标标准化、权重计算的方法，建立微震–水位综合预警指标。经过计算得到16091工作面涌(突)水的综合预警指标阈值为0.30。(4) 工程现场应用结果表明，综合预警指标值超过工作面阈值时，报警后均出现了较大井下涌水量，对煤层底板涌(突)水的预警有较好的效果，因此可以将微震–水位作为底板突水的综合预警指标。

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	郝宪杰1
	2
	3
	李航1
	2
	赵毅鑫1
	2
	3
	杨怀翔2
	杨波4
	刘科峰2
	李宜家2

关键词 ：采矿工程, 煤矿底板水害, 微震监测, 水位监测, 关联效应, 综合预警指标

Abstract：The difficulty of quantitative early warning of water inrush disasters on the coal mine floor is the selection of the sensitivity index. At present，the early warning of water inrush based on microseismic often selects multi-source data，and lacks detailed analysis of indicators closer to the development of water-flowing fractures. According to the field monitoring methods of 16091 working face in Zhaogu No.1 Coal Mine，the correlation and sequence relationship between microseismic event frequency index，energy index and water level change are analyzed in this paper. Practice shows that microseismic and water level have a good spatial and temporal correlation. Based on this，a comprehensive early warning index of floor water inrush disasters based on microseismic-water level is established. The following results are obtained. (1) During the period of high frequency and high energy of microseismic，the water level began to decline，and the water inflow increased after a while. In the low frequency and low energy period of microseismic，the water level began to rise. The decline time and amplitude of the water level in the observation holes correspond to the spatial position of the distance from the working face. It shows that microseismic and water level have an obvious correlation in time and space. (2) Under the combined action of mining disturbance and floor water pressure，the frequency and energy of microseismic events on the coal seam floor increase，and the range continues to extend. Then the water channel is formed，and the water level of the observation hole declines. With the periodic pressure，the cracks gradually closed. At this time，microseismic events are low frequency and low energy. Under the supply of water source，the confined water level rises to a certain height and tends to be stable. (3) Based on the correlation effect between microseismic and water level，the daily cumulative frequency of floor microseismic，daily cumulative energy，and daily decline of water level in four observation holes are taken as the basic parameters，and the comprehensive early warning index of microseismic-water level is established utilizing basic index standardization，weight calculation. After calculation，the comprehensive early warning index threshold of water gushing(inrush) in 16091 working face is 0.30. (4) The field application results of the project show that when the comprehensive early warning index value exceeds the threshold value of the working face，there is a large underground water inflow after the alarm. It has a good effect on the early warning of water inrush from the coal seam floor，so the microseismic-water level can be used as a comprehensive early warning index of floor water inrush.

Key words： mining engineering coal mine floor water disaster microseismic monitoring water level monitoring correlation effect comprehensive early warning indexes

引用本文:

郝宪杰1，2，3，李航1，2，赵毅鑫1，2，3，杨怀翔2，杨波4，刘科峰2，李宜家2. 基于日累积微震指标与水位关联效应的底板突水预警方法与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(9): 2125-2139.
HAO Xianjie1，2，3，LI Hang1，2，ZHAO Yixin1，2，3，YANG Huaixiang2，YANG Bo4，LIU Kefeng2，LI Yijia2. An early warning method and application of water inrush from coal mining floor based on the correlation effect between daily cumulative micro-seismic indicators and water level. , 2024, 43(9): 2125-2139.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1209 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I9/2125

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