裂隙分布对石灰岩力学性能影响研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2024.0491

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摘要为了研究含裂隙硬岩的强度、变形、破坏模式、能量耗散特征和冲击倾向性随裂隙分布及面积、体积损伤变量的变化规律，对不同倾角的单裂隙、共面和不共面三裂隙石灰岩试件开展单轴压缩试验。研究发现：(1) 试件的弹性变形主要受体积损伤影响，而强度则主要取决于面积损伤。对单裂隙试件，当量化弹性模量和强度都随裂隙倾角的增大而增加，它们与Oda二阶体积损伤张量或面积损伤矢量在加载方向上分量的关系可以用反比例幂函数很好地拟合。对共面和不共面三裂隙试件，当量化弹性模量和强度随裂隙倾角的变化曲线分别为W型和V型，由单裂隙试件得到强度和弹性模量与体积、面积损伤张量分量关系式分别给出其上限值和平均值预测；(2) 含裂隙石灰岩试件经历了裂纹萌生与扩展、宏观破裂面(带)形成和残余变形3个损伤演化阶段，有劈裂、阶梯状和条块状3类基本破坏模式；(3) 裂隙的存在使得部分石灰岩试件呈现出少许的延性特征，应力–应变曲线由单峰型转变为多峰型。单峰型试件(类型I)在峰值强度前累积的弹性能迅速转化为耗散能，而多峰型试件(类型II和III，分别为软化段和硬化段多峰型)在各峰值前累积的弹性能呈台阶型分步释放转化为耗散能。试件的当量化总应变能、储能极限随当量化峰值强度线性增长，从而与2类损伤张量的分量成反比；(4) 完整和含裂隙石灰岩试件在破坏时都有不同程度的颗粒弹射和声响等冲击现象。与弹性能量指数和冲击能量指数相比，弹性与冲击综合能量指数(峰值强度前的弹性应变能与总应变能之比)可以更为合理地反映多峰型试件的冲击倾向性，并与试验观测到的冲击等级很好地吻合。

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	陈新1
	2
	李子1
	2
	卿少帅1
	2
	王瑒1
	2
	马伯涛3
	张曼生3
	刘金泰3

关键词 ：岩石力学, 石灰岩, 单轴压缩, 裂隙分布, 能量耗散, 冲击倾向性

Abstract：In order to study the dependence of the mechanical properties of fractured hard rocks，including their strength，deformability，failure mode，characteristic of energy dissipation and bursting liability，on fracture distribution and volumetric or areal damage variable，uniaxial compression tests were carried out on limestone specimens with a single fracture，three coplanar and non-coplanar fractures at different inclination angles. The results show that：(1) the elastic deformation is mainly affected by the volumetric damage variable，while the strength is mainly affected by the areal damage variable. For the specimens with a single fracture，the unified Young?s modulus and peak strength increase monotonically with the fracture inclination angle，and the relation between the unified Young?s modulus or peak strength and the component of Oda?s second-order volumetric damage tensor or areal damage vector along the loading direction，can be well fitted with an inverse proportional power function. For the specimens with three coplanar or non-coplanar fractures，both the curves of the unified Young?s modulus and peak strength with the fracture inclination angle are W and V shapes respectively，and prediction for their upper limit and average can be given by the above relations with the component of volumetric and areal damage tensors obtained from the specimens with a single fracture respectively. (2) In general，the fractured limestone specimen may undergone three damage evolution stages，i.e.，initiation and propagation of cracks，formation of macroscopic failure surface(zone) and residual deformation. There are three basic failure modes：split，stepped and blocky failure. (3) Some of the limestone specimens show certain degree ductile characteristics due to the existence of the fractures，namely，their stress-strain curves change from single peak to multi-peaks. For the specimens with single peak stress-strain curve(type I)，the elastic energy accumulated before the peak stress is rapidly transformed into dissipated energy. For the specimens with multi-peaks stress-strain curves(type II and III，multi-peaks during softening and hardening stages，respectively)，the elastic energy accumulated before each peak stress is released and transformed into dissipated energy step by step. Both the unified total strain energy and energy storage limit of the specimen may increase linearly with the unified peak strength，and therefore is inversely proportional to the component of the two damage tensors. and (4) Both the intact and fractured limestone specimens at failure appeared different degrees of bursting phenomena such as particle ejection and making sound. Compared with the elastic strain energy index and bursting energy index，the comprehensive index of elastic strain and bursting energy(the ratio of the elastic strain energy before the peak strength to the total strain energy)，can more reasonably represent the bursting liability of the fractured specimens with multi-peaks stress-strain curve，and coincide very well with the degrees of bursting intensity observed in the test.

Key words： rock mechanics limestone uniiaxial compression fracture distribution energy dissipation bursting liability

引用本文:

陈新1，2，李子1，2，卿少帅1，2，王瑒1，2，马伯涛3，张曼生3，刘金泰3. 裂隙分布对石灰岩力学性能影响研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(12): 2861-2873.
CHEN Xin1，2，LI Zi1，2，QING Shaoshuai1，2，WANG Yang1，2，MA Botao3，ZHANG Mansheng3，LIU Jintai3. Study on the influence of fracture distribution on mechanical properties of limestone. , 2024, 43(12): 2861-2873.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2024.0491 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I12/2861

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