Experimental study on mechanism of stratified burst bolt and anchoring in hard rocks
ZHANG Xiaojun1，2，LIN Qianjun1，2，LIU Guolei1，2
(1. School of Resources and Environment，Shandong University of Technology，Zibo，Shandong 255049，China；
2. Institution of Mining Engineering and Technology，Shandong University of Technology，Zibo，Shandong 255049，China)
Abstract：The mechanism of fracture development and bolt anchoring of roadway(tunnels) rockburst have not been fully studied. The bi-axial compression tests to the rectangular hard rock samples with and without anchoring were carried out using the true three axis loading and unloading test system developed in-house. The development of stratified burst of hard rock and the mechanism of bolt anchoring were discussed. The layer burst phenomenon occurred in the hard rock tests. The fractal dimension of burst surface from the free surface to deep was mainly between 1.3 and 1.8. The fractal dimension of burst surface was reduced by the enhancement of the frictional action of the burst surface. The dominated fracture form was gradually transited from the tension fracture to the shearing fracture. Each layer was more or less accompanied by the secondary layer fractures at the same time. The number and extent of bursts were greatly reduced by the bolt anchoring and the layer by layer burst of hard rock was restricted. A formula for the number of layers undergoing burst near the surface was obtained through theoretical analysis. The rock with the stratified burst was considered as the layered rock and the composite beam theory for bolt control was proposed. The stratified burst was mainly the result of tension due to compression. The tensile strength of the intact rock was greatly improved and the number and scope of the stratified burst were greatly reduced by the bolt anchoring.
张晓君1，2，林芊君1，2，刘国磊1，2. 硬岩层爆及锚杆锚固机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2017, 36(10): 2365-2372.
ZHANG Xiaojun1，2，LIN Qianjun1，2，LIU Guolei1，2. Experimental study on mechanism of stratified burst bolt and anchoring in hard rocks. , 2017, 36(10): 2365-2372.
[1] 何满潮，苗金丽，李德建，等. 深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2007，26(5)：865–876.(HE Manchao，MIAO Jinli，LI Dejian，et al. Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2007，26(5)：865–876.(in Chinese))
[2] 苗金丽，何满潮，李德建，等. 花岗岩应变岩爆声发射特征及微观断裂机制[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2009，28(8)：1 593–1 603. (MIAO Jinli，HE Manchao，LI Dejian，et al. Acoustic emission characteristics of granite under strain rockburst test and its micro-fracture mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2009，28(8)：1 593–1 603.(in Chinese))
[3] 伍法权，伍 劼，祁生文. 关于脆性岩体岩爆成因的理论分析[J]. 工程地质学报，2010，18(5)：589–595.(WU Faquan，WU Jie，QI Shengwen. Theoretical analysis on mechanism of rockburst of brittle rockmass[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology，2010，18(5)：589–595. (in Chinese))
[4] 冯夏庭，陈炳瑞，明华军，等. 深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制：即时型岩爆[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(3)：433–444.(FENG Xiating，CHEN Bingrui，MING Huajun，et al. Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels：immediate rockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(3)：433–444.(in Chinese))
[5] 陈炳瑞，冯夏庭，明华军，等. 深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制：时滞型岩爆[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(3)：561–569.(CHEN Bingrui，FENG Xiating，MING Huajun，et al. Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels：time delayed rockburst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(3)：561–569.(in Chinese))
[6] 张晓君，王 栋，肖 超，等. 直墙拱形巷(隧)道岩爆试验及劈裂与剪切分析[J]. 岩土力学，2013，34(增1)：35–40.(ZHANG Xiaojun，WANG Dong，XIAO Chao，et al. Test of rockburst in straight-wall-top-arch roadways(tunnels) and its splitting and shearing failure analysis[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2013，34(Supp.1)：35–40.(in Chinese))
[7] 马艾阳，伍法权，沙 鹏，等. 锦屏大理岩真三轴岩爆试验的渐进破坏过程研究[J]. 岩土力学，2014，35(10)：2 868–2 874.(MA Aiyang，WU Faquan，SHA Peng，et al. Progressive failure of Jinping marble in true triaxial rockburst test[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2014，35(10)：2 868–2 874.(in Chinese))
[8] 翁 磊，李夕兵，周子龙，等. 屈曲型岩爆的发生机制及其时效性研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2016，33(1)：172–178.(WENG Lei，LI Xibing，ZHOU Zilong，et al. Occurrence mechanism and time- dependency effect of buckling rock burst[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2016，33(1)：172–178.(in Chinese))
[9] 渠 涛，韩立军，杨圣奇，等. 锚固裂隙岩体力学特性试验研究[J].河海大学学报：自然科学版，2011，39(1)：73–77.(QU Tao，HAN Lijun，YANG Shengqi，et al. Experimental study on mechanical properties of anchoring fractured rock mass[J]. Journal of Hohai University：Natural Sciences，2011，39(1)：73–77.(in Chinese))
[10] 徐景茂，顾金才，陈安敏，等. 拱脚局部加长锚杆锚固洞室抗爆模型试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2012，31(11)：2 182–2 186. (XU Jingmao，GU Jincai，CHEN Anmin，et al. Model test study of anti-explosion capacity of anchored tunnel with local lengthening anchors in arch springing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2012，31(11)：2 182–2 186.(in Chinese))
[11] 张 波，李术才，杨学英，等. 含交叉裂隙节理岩体锚固效应及破坏模式[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(5)：996–1 003.(ZHANG Bo，LI Shucai，YANG Xueying，et al. Bolting effect and failure modes of jointed rock masses with cross-cracks[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(5)：996–1 003.(in Chinese))
[12] 林 健，杨景贺，韩国强，等. 不同杆体外形树脂锚杆锚固与安设性能对比试验研究[J]. 煤炭学报，2015，40(2)：286–292.(LIN Jian，YANG Jinghe，HAN Guoqiang，et al. Comparable test on anchoring and setting performance of resin bolts with different rod shapes[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2015，40(2)：286–292.(in Chinese))
[13] 王洪涛，王 琦，王富奇，等. 不同锚固长度下巷道锚杆力学效应分析及应用[J]. 煤炭学报，2015，40(3)：509–515.(WANG Hongtao，WANG Qi，WANG Fuqi，et al．Mechanical effect analysis of bolts in roadway under different anchoring lengths and its application[J]. Journal of China Coal Society，2015，40(3)：509–515.(in Chinese))
[14] 龙景奎. 深部巷道围岩协同锚固机理[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报，2016，33(1)：19–26.(LONG Jingkui. The mechanism of synergetic anchorage in deep roadway surrounding rock[J]. Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering，2016，33(1)：19–26.(in Chinese))
[15] 张晓君，林芊君，于 辉. 硬岩树脂锚杆锚固体岩爆破裂演化试验研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发，2017，37(5)：55–59.(ZHANG Xiaojun，LIN Qianjun，YU Hui. Experimental study on rock burst fracture evolution of resin bolt anchoring body in hard rocks[J]. Mining Research and Development，2017，37(5)：55–59.(in Chinese))
[16] 田宝柱，刘善军，张艳博，等. 花岗岩巷道岩爆过程红外辐射时空演化特征室内模拟试验研究[J]. 岩土力学，2016，37(3)：711–717.(TIAN Baozhu，LIU Shanjun，ZHANG Yanbo，et al. Laboratory simulation of temporospatial evolution characteristics of infrared radiation in the process of rockburst in granite tunnel[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics，2016，37(3)：711–717.(in Chinese))
[17] 谢和平. 岩石混凝土损伤力学[M]. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1990：272–275.(XIE Heping. Damage mechanics of rock and concrete[M]. Xuzhou：China University of Mining and Technology Press，1990：272–275.(in Chinese))
2017, Vol. 36 
