(1. College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong 266003,China;2. School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;3. China Geological Survey,Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;4. Evaluation and Detection Technology Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao National Laboratory for Maine Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China)
Abstract:To identify the difference of current geostress distribution and stress accumulation in surface layer and shallow surface layer of Bohai strait and surrounding area,the data of 5 shallow hydraulic fracturing drills along the axis of the channel and the other deep drilling data in surround area were collected. The dispersed point charts of stress varying with depth were established and the regression formulas of each parameter with depth were calculated. The research shows that , change with depth linearly and , , change with depth hyperbolically. , , change with depth almost linearly. The comparison of the regression formulae of surface and shallow layer show that the difference of regression formula of horizontal principal stress is significant,the difference of regression formula of lateral pressure coefficient is small and the difference of regression formula of ratio parameters is basically the same. These indicate that the surface stress data can be applied to the analysis of stress accumulation and seismic activity in the brittle crust. The combination of with is necessary to determine the energy accumulation at the points of in stress accumulation analysis. The comprehensive research on and lead to the conclusion that 19 surface points in Bohai strait and 86% shallow points in the surrounding district are in the middle-low level of stress accumulation,and the crustal stability is high. Some points in Beijing,Tianjing and Tangshan are in the state of high stress accumulation,and the crustal stability is low which need more attention. But these have little impact to the cross-sea corridor.
[1] 谭成轩,秦向辉,王瑞江,等. 中国大陆中东部Ms≥8.0级特大地震发震背景初步分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增2): 3 598–3 607.(TAN Chengxuan,QIN Xianghui,WANG Ruijiang,et al. Preliminary analysis of earthquake occurrence backgrounds of Ms≥8.0 catastrophic earthquakes in middle and east parts of Chinese continent[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.2):3 598–3 607.(in Chinese))
[2] 谢富仁,邱泽华,王 勇,等. 我国地应力观测与地震预报[J]. 国际地震动态,2005,(5):54–59.(XIE Furen,QIU Zehua,WANG Yong,et al. Earth stress observation and earthquake prediction[J]. Recent Developments in World Seismology,2005,(5):54–59.(in Chinese))
[3] 王艳华,崔效锋,胡幸平,等. 基于原地应力测量数据的中国大陆地壳上部应力状态研究[J]. 地球物理学报,2012,55(9):3 016–3 027. (WANG Yanhua,CUI Xiaofeng,HU Xingping,et al. Study on the stress state in upper crust of China mainland based on in-situ stress measurements[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):3 016–3 027.(in Chinese))
[4] 秦向辉,张 鹏,丰成君,等. 北京地区地应力测量与主要断裂稳定性分析[J]. 地球物理学报,2014,57(7):2 165–2 180.(QIN Xianghui,ZHANG Peng,FENG Chengjun,et al. In-situ stress measurement and slip stability of major faults in Beijing region,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(7):2 165–2 180.(in Chinese))
[5] BROWN E T,HOEK E. Trends in relationships between measured in-situ stresses and depth[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(4):211–215.
[6] ZOBACK M L,ZOBACK M D. State of stress in the conterninous united states[J]. Journal of Geophy Research,1980,85(11):6 113–6 156.
[7] STACEY T R,WESSELOO J. In situ stresses in mining areas in south Africa[J]. Journal-South African Incertitude of Mining and Metallurgy,1998,98(7):365–368.
[8] 赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等. 中国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(ZHAO Dean,CHEN Zhimin,CAI Xiaolin,et al. Analysis of distribution rule of geostress in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(in Chinese))
[9] 景 锋,盛 谦,张勇慧,等. 中国大陆浅层地壳实测地应力分布规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2 056–2 062. (JING Feng,SHENG Qian,ZHANG Yonghui,et al. Research on distribution rule of shallow crustal geostress in china mainland[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2 056–2 062.(in Chinese))
[10] 李方全,王连捷. 华北地区地应力测量[J]. 地球物理学报,1979,22(1):1–8.(LI Fangquan,WANG Lianjie. Stress measurements in north CHINA[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica,1979,22(1):1–8.(in Chinese))
[11] 黄禄渊,杨树新,崔效锋,等. 华北地区实测应力特征与断层稳定性分析[J]. 岩土力学,2013,34(增1):204–213.(HUANG Luyuan,YANG Shuxin,CUI Xiaofeng,et al. Analysis of characteristics of measured stress and stability of faults in North China[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(Supp.1):204–213.(in Chinese))
[12] ZOBACK M L. First and second order patterns of stress in the lithosphere:The world stress map project[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B8):11 703–11 728.
[13] 谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋,等. 中国大陆地壳应力环境基础数据库[J]. 地球物理学进展,2007,22(1):131–136.(XIE Furen,CHEN Qunce,CUI Xiaofeng,et al. Fundamental database of crustal stress environment in continental China[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(1):131–136.(in Chinese))
[14] 杨树新,姚瑞,崔效锋,等. 中国大陆与各活动地块、南北地震带实测应力特征分析[J]. 地球物理学报,2012,55(12):4 207–4 217. (YANG Shuxin,YAO Rui,CUI Xiaofeng,et al. Analysis of the characteristics of measured stress in Chinese mainland and its active blocks and North-South seismic belt[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(12):4 207–4 217.(in Chinese))
[15] ANDERSON E M. The dynamics of faulting and dyke formation with application to Britain[R]. Edinburgh:Oliver and Boyd,1951.
[16] BYERLEE J D. Friction of frock[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics,1978,116:615–626.
[17] 田中丰,藤森帮夫,大塚成昭. 地壳应力歪の测定观测による大地震发生の预测[J]. 地震,1998,50(2):201–208.(in Japanese)
[18] LIAO C T,ZHANG C S,WU M L,et al. Stress change near the Kunlun fault before and after the MS8.1 Kunlun earthquake[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2003,30(20):2 027–2 030.
[19] 郭啟良,王成虎,马洪生,等. 汶川Ms8.0级大震前后的水压致裂原地应力测量[J]. 地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1 395–1 401.(GUO Qiliang,WANG Chenghu,MA Hongsheng,et al. In-situ hydro- fracture stress measurement before and after the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(5):1 395–1 401.(in Chinese))
[20] 吴满路,张岳桥,廖椿庭,等. 汶川地震后沿龙门山裂断带原地应力测量初步结果[J]. 地质学报,2010,84(9):1 292–1 299.(WU Manlu,ZHANG Yeqiao,LIAO Chunteng,et al. Preliminary results of in situ stress measurements along Longmenshan fault zone after the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(9):1 292–1 299.(in Chinese))
[21] 王成虎,宋成科,郭启良,等. 利用原地应力实测资料分析芦山地震震前浅部地壳应力积累[J]. 地球物理学报,2014,57(1):102–114.(WANG Chenghu,SONG Chengke,GUO Qiliang,et al. Stress build-up in the shallow crust before the Lushan Earthquake based on the in-situ stress measurements[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(1):102–114.(in Chinese))
[22] 张 鹏,秦向辉,丰成君,等. 郯庐断裂带山东段深孔地应力测量及其现今活动性分析[J]. 岩土力学,2013,34(8):2 329–2 335. (ZHANG Peng,QIN Xianghui,FENG Chengjun,et al. In-situ stress measurement of deep borehole in Shandong segment of Tan-Lu fracture belt and analysis of its activity[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(8):2 329–2 335.(in Chinese))
[23] 张 鹏,丰成君,孙炜峰,等. 金州断裂带北段深孔地应力测量及其活动性[J]. 中国地质大学学报:地球科学,2014,39(10):1 295– 1 306.(ZHANG Peng,FENG Chengjun,SUN Weifeng,et al. In-Situ stress measurement of deep borehole in North Segment of Jinzhou fracture belt and analysis on its activity[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences:Earth Science,2014,39(10):1 295–1 306.(in Chinese))
[24] 李 兵,郭启良,王建新,等. 蒙山断裂地应力特征及其稳定性分析[J]. 岩土力学,2014,35(增2):501–506.(LI Bin,GUO Qiliang,WANG Jianxin,et al. Characteristics of in-situ stress at Mengshan fault and its stability analysis[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Supp.2):501–506.(in Chinese))
[25] 谭成轩,胡秋韵,张 鹏,等. 日本Mw9.0级大地震前后华北和东北地区现今构造应力作用调整过程与研究意义探讨[J]. 地学前缘,2015,22(1):345–359.(TAN Chengxuan,HU Qiuyun,ZHANG Peng,et al. Present tectonic stress adjustment process before and after Japan Mw9.0 earthquake in North and Northeast China and its research significance[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):345–359.(in Chinese))
[26] 卢造勋,蒋秀芹,白 云,等. 胶辽渤海地区地壳上地幔结构特征与介质的横向非均匀性[J]. 华北地震科学,1996,17(2):43–51.(LU Zaoxun,JIANG Xiuqin,BAI Yun,et al. Structural characteristic s of crust and upper mantle and inhomogeneity of the medium in Jiaoliao and Bohai regions[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences,1996,17(2):43–51.(in Chinese))
[27] 晁洪太,于慎谔,李家灵,等. 山东半岛地区活断层研究[J]. 东北地震研究,2001,17(4):1–8.(CHAO Hongtai,YU Shene,LI Jialing,et al. Research on active faults in the Shandong peninsula[J]. Seismological Research of Northeast China,2001,17(4):1–8.(in Chinese))
[28] 李延兴,马宗晋,张静华. 渤海盆地的现今扩张运动[J]. 地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1 483–1 489.(LI Yanxing,MA Zhongjin,ZHANG Jinghua. Current-day extending motion of Bohai Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(6):1 483–1 489.(in Chinese))
[29] 陈国光,徐 杰,高战武. 华北渤海湾盆地大震的构造特征[J]. 华北地震科学,2003,21(2):7–15.(CHEN Guoguang,XU Jie,GAO Zhanwu. Seismotectonic features of the Bohai Bay Basin in North China[J]. North China Earthquake Sciences,2003,21(2):7–15.(in Chinese))
[30] 徐 杰,高战武,孙建宝,等. 区域伸展体制下盆–山构造耦合关系的探讨——以渤海湾盆地和太行山为例[J]. 地质学报,2001,75(2):165–174.(XU Jie,GAO Zhanwu,SUN Jianbao,et al. A preliminary study of the coupling relationship between Basin and Mountain in extensional environments—A case study of the Bohai Bay basin and Taihang Mountain[J]. Acta Geological Sinica,2001,75(2):165–174.(in Chinese))
[31] 徐 杰,牛嘉玉,吕悦军,等. 营口—潍坊断裂带的新构造和新构造活动[J]. 石油学报,2009,30(4):498–505.(XU Jie,NIU Jiayu,LU Yuejun,et al. Neotectonics and neotectonic activities of Yingkou’Weifang fault zone[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(4):498–505.(in Chinese))
[32] 徐 杰,周本刚,计凤桔,等. 渤海地区新构造格局[J]. 石油学报,2011,32(3):442–449.(XU Jie,ZHOU Bengang,JI Fengju,et al. A primary study on the neotectonic pattern of the Bohai area in China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(3):442–449.(in Chinese))
[33] 杜国云,王 庆,孙祝友. 新构造分异的地学信息分析[J]. 大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(1):114–119.(DU Guoyun,WANG Qing,SUN Zhuyou. Research on neotectonic differentiation of Geo- information in Shandong peninsula[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2006,30(1):114–119.(in Chinese))
[34] 蔡克明,张公德. 渤海海峡的新构造运动[J]. 海洋科学,1983,(5):18–20.(CAI Keming,ZHANG Gongde. The neotectonic movement in the Bohai Strait[J]. Marine Sciences,1983,(5):18–20.(in Chinese))
[35] 丁 东. 渤海海峡跨海通道的地质概况[J]. 海洋地质动态,1994,(3):5–7.(DING Dong. Geological survey of the cross sea channel in the bohai strait[J]. Marine geology letters,1994,(3):5–7.(in Chinese))
[36] 杨港生,赵根模,马淑芹. 渤海中部和胶辽海峡地震复发模式和地震危险性[J]. 地震,2000,20(4):69–73.(YANG Gangsheng,ZHAO Genmo,MA Shuqin. Earthquake recurrence mode and seimic risk in middle Bohai sea and Jiaoliao Haixia[J]. Earthquake,2000,20(4): 69–73.(in Chinese))
[37] 王成虎,郭啟良,侯砚和,等. 地下水封油库场址地应力场及工程稳定性分析研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2010,32(5):698–705.(WANG Chenghu,GUO Qiliang,HOU Yanhe,et al. In-situ stress field and project stability of underground water-sealed oil depots[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(5):698–705.(in Chinese))
[38] 王成虎,张彦山,郭啟良,等. 工程区地应力场的综合分析法研究[J]. 岩土工程学报,2011,11(10):1 562–1 568.(WANG Chenghu,ZhANG Yanshan,GUO Qiliang,et al. New integrated analysis method to analyze stress reime of engineering area[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,11(10):1 562–1 568.(in Chinese))
[39] 张 敏. 基于声波测井信息的地应力分析与裂缝预测研究[硕士论文][D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2008.(ZHANG Min. Analysis of In-situ stress and fracture prediction research based on Acoustic logging data[M. S. Thesis][D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum (East China),2008.(in Chinese))
[40] 张延新,宋常胜,蔡美峰,等. 深孔水压致裂地应力测量及应力场反演分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):778–786.(ZHANG Yanxin,SONG Changsheng,CAI Meifeng,et al. Geostress measurements by hydraulic fracturing method at great depth of boreholes and numerical modeling predictions of stress field[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4): 778–786.(in Chinese))
[41] Byerlee J D. Friction of rock[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics,1978,116(4/5):615–626.
[42] ZOBACK M D,HICKMAN S. In site study of the physical mechanics controlling induced seismicity at monticello reservoir south carolina[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,1982,(87):6 959–6 974.
[43] ZOBACK M D,HEALY J H. Friction,faulting and in situ sress[J]. Ann Geophys,1984,(2):689–698.
[44] TOWNEND J,ZOBACK M D. How faulting keeps the crust strong[J]. Geology,2000,28(5):399–402.
[45] HICKMAN T,ZOBACK M D. Stress orientations and magnitudes in the SAFOD pilot hole[J]. Geophysical Research Letters,2004,DOI:10.1029/2004GL020043.
[46] 刘晓红,方亚如,蔡戴恩,等. 中国六条断裂断层泥的摩擦系数[J]. 东北地震研究,1987,3(1):23–26.(LIU Xiaohong,FANG Yaru,CAI Daien,et al. The research of fault gouges from six fault zone in China[J]. North Eastern Seismological Research,1987,3(1):23–26.(in Chinese))
[47] CARPENTER B M,MARONE C,SAFFER D M. Frictional behavior of materials in the 3D SAFOD volume[J]. Grseophysical Research Letters,2009,36(5):277–291.
[48] CARPENTER B M,MARONE C,SAFFER D M. Weakness of the san Andreas fault revealed by samples from the active fault zone[J]. Nature Geoscience,2011,4(4):251–254.
[49] ZHANG L,He C. Frictional properties of natural gouges from Longmenshan fault zone ruptured during the Wenchuan Mw7.9 earthquake[J]. Tectonophysics,2013,594(5):149–164.
[50] 谭成轩,石 玲,孙炜峰,等. 构造应力面研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):3 970–3 978.(TAN Chengxuan,SHI Ling,SUN Weifeng,et al. Research on tectonic stress plane[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):3 970– 3 978.(in Chinese))
[51] 谭成轩,孙炜峰,张春山,等. 深切峡谷地区地壳浅表层地应力状态变化分析[J]. 地球物理学进展,2007,22(4):1 353–1 359.(TAN Chengxuan,SUN Weifeng,ZHANG Chunshan,et al. An analysis on variation of crustal stress states at the shallow part of upper crust in deep-cut valley region[J]. Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(4): 1 353–1 359.(in Chinese))
[52] 董旭光,周翠英,华爱军. 渤海海峡及邻区现代小震震源机制解分析[J]. 内陆地震,1999,13(1):7–15.(DONG Xuguang,ZHOU Cuiying,HUA Aijun. The analysis on focal mechanism solutions of recent minor earthquakes in Pohai straits and its vicinity[J]. Inland Earthquake,1999,13(1):7–15.(in Chinese))
[53] 魏光兴,周翠英,赵兴兰. 华北地区中小地震应力场的优势方向[J]. 地球物理学报,1982,25(4):333–343.(WEI Guangxing,ZHOU Cuiying,ZHAO Xinglan. Dominant directions of stress field from minor earthquakes in North-eastern China[J]. Acta Geophysica Sinica,1982,25(4):333–343.(in Chinese))