冲击荷载下双裂隙砂岩渐进破坏特性及裂纹扩展机制研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0387

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摘要为研究裂隙砂岩的动态渐进破坏特性及裂纹扩展机制，利用SHPB装置对预制双裂隙砂岩试件进行冲击压缩试验，借助DIC技术实时监测裂纹扩展和动态破坏过程，开展不同裂隙倾角下岩样强度特性和破坏模式分析，揭示裂纹应变演化机制。结果表明：(1) 通过试件表面裂纹白斑萌生捕捉确定起裂荷载，其在峰值荷载的70%～83%范围，起裂荷载与峰值荷载均随倾角呈现先减后增的“U”型趋势。(2) 通过试件破碎块数测定发现能量耗散率与破碎程度具有显著正相关性，45°和90°试件的能量耗散率分别为最低值和最高值。(3) 裂纹扩展过程中，拉伸裂纹通常先于剪切裂纹出现，前者分布与荷载冲击方向接近，后者整体出现在与冲击方向50°～130°夹角范围；不同倾角下，试件呈现出“一”字型劈裂拉伸破坏、“X”型拉–剪切混合破坏以及“纺锤”与“X”型复合破坏3种模式，共包含6种裂纹聚集形式。(4) 冲击荷载下试件的渐进破坏过程划分为弹性变形、屈服变形和宏观破坏3个阶段，破坏过程主要由裂隙尖端应变集中因子和起裂时间决定，曲线的斜率均方指数(K)可为裂隙岩体动力损伤速率的评价提供理论依据。

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	张庆海1
	2
	许晓亮1
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	李建林1
	武立华2
	王小平1
	时全1

关键词 ：岩石力学, 裂隙砂岩, 裂纹扩展, 能量耗散, DIC技术, 破坏模式, 应变集中

Abstract：In order to study the dynamic progressive failure characteristics and crack propagation mechanisms of pre-fabricated flaw sandstone，the impact compression tests were conducted on sandstone specimens with pre-fabricated double flaws using the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) device. The real-time monitoring of crack propagation and dynamic failure processes was carried out using digital image correlation(DIC) technology. An analysis of the strength characteristics and failure modes under different flaw angles was performed to reveal the corresponding crack strain evolution mechanisms. The results show that：(1) the crack initiation load，determined by capturing the surface crack whitening，ranges from 70% to 83% of the peak load，with both peak and initiation loads exhibiting a“U”-shaped trend，initially decreasing and then increasing with the flaw angle. (2) The energy dissipation rate，inferred from the number of fragments，shows a significant positive correlation with the degree of fragmentation，with the lowest and highest energy dissipation rates observed in the 45° and 90° specimens，respectively. (3) During crack propagation，tensile cracks generally form prior to shear cracks. The former are distributed along the direction of the applied load，while the latter appear within an angular range of approximately 50° to 130° relative to the load direction. Specimens with different flaw angles exhibit three primary failure modes：“一”-shaped tensile splitting failure，“X”-shaped tensile-shear mixed failure，and“spindle”and“X”-shaped composite failure，involving six distinct crack aggregation forms. (4) The progressive failure process under impact loading is divided into three stages：elastic deformation，yield deformation，and macroscopic failure. The failure process is primarily determined by the strain concentration factor( ) at the crack tip and the crack initiation time. The slope mean square index(K) of the curve provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the dynamic damage rate of fractured rock masses.

Key words： rock mechanics flawed sandstone crack propagation energy dissipation DIC technology failure mode strain concentration

引用本文:

张庆海1，2，许晓亮1，3，李建林1，武立华2，王小平1，时全1. 冲击荷载下双裂隙砂岩渐进破坏特性及裂纹扩展机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(5): 1242-1256.
ZHANG Qinghai1，2，XU Xiaoliang1，3，LI Jianlin1，WU Lihua2，WANG Xiaoping1，SHI Quan1. Study on progressive failure characteristics and crack propagation mechanism of double-flawed sandstone under impact load. , 2025, 44(5): 1242-1256.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0387 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I5/1242

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