深低温环境岩石力学与工程研究进展

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0891

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摘要在低温环境下，受水–冰相变的影响，岩石物理力学性质及其工程行为与常温状态存在显著差异，且这种差异随温度降低而加剧。结合不同行业的低温分区标准和岩土工程所处的低温环境，提出适用于岩土力学学科的低温分区建议，明确界定“深低温”的起始温度及其亚类分区（“极低温”和“超低温”）。基于室内试验、理论分析与数值模拟等方面的研究成果，对深低温环境下岩石物理力学特性开展系统综述，着重探讨孔隙度、弹性波速、导热系数、弹性模量及力学强度等关键参数随温度变化的演化规律；结合热–水–力多场耦合模型，深入分析深低温环境下冻胀效应、热应力分布及水分迁移对岩石损伤的影响机制，并通过数值模拟揭示温度场、应力场与渗流场的耦合演化特征及其在岩石损伤累积过程中的作用机制。进一步地，针对地下能源存储、液氮无水压裂、极地工程与深空资源开发等典型工程场景，梳理并分析深低温岩石力学问题的关键科学与技术挑战。最后，基于当前理论、技术研究进展和实际工程需求，提出深低温环境下岩石力学未来研究的若干方向，包括深低温岩石微观相变动力学与多尺度损伤机制、非平衡态多场耦合理论的构建及深低温环境下岩石长期服役性能的时空演化预测等。

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	谭贤君1
	刘显欢2
	陈卫忠1
	贾海梁2
	郑培超1
	3
	刘杰4
	赵延兴5
	肖红梅5
	李娜娜6
	赵晏强6

关键词 ：岩石力学, 深低温, 热应力, 冻胀应力, 多场耦合效应

Abstract：In low-temperature environments, the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, as well as their engineering behavior, differ significantly from those at ambient temperature, primarily due to water-ice phase transitions. These differences become more pronounced as the temperature decreases. Considering industry-specific low-temperature classification standards and the environmental conditions of geotechnical engineering, a refined low-temperature zoning framework tailored to geomechanics is proposed, defining the threshold for “deep low temperatures” and further subdividing it into “extreme low temperatures” and “ultra-low temperatures.” Based on findings from laboratory experiments, theoretical analyses, and numerical simulations, this study provides a systematic review of the physical and mechanical properties of rocks under deep low-temperature, with a particular focus on the temperature-dependent evolution of key parameters such as porosity, elastic wave velocity, thermal conductivity, elastic modulus, and mechanical strength. Furthermore, by employing the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling models, the mechanisms by which frost heave effects, thermal stress distribution, and water migration contribute to rock damage are analyzed. Numerical simulations reveal the coupled evolution characteristics of the temperature, stress, and seepage fields, as well as their underlying roles in the accumulation and progression of rock damage. Additionally, key scientific and technological challenges associated with deep low-temperature rock mechanics are examined in the context of engineering applications, such as underground energy storage, liquid nitrogen-based waterless fracturing, polar infrastructure, and deep-space resource extraction. Finally, based on current theoretical advancements, technological developments, and engineering demands, several future research directions in rock mechanics under deep low-temperature conditions are proposed. These include investigations into the micro-scale phase transition dynamics and multi-scale damage mechanisms of rocks in deep low temperatures, the development of non-equilibrium multi-field coupling theoretical frameworks, and the spatiotemporal prediction of long-term rock performance under deep low-temperature conditions.

Key words： rock mechanics deep low-temperature thermal stress frost heaving pressure multi-field coupling effects

引用本文:

谭贤君1，刘显欢2，陈卫忠1，贾海梁2，郑培超1，3，刘杰4，赵延兴5，肖红梅5，李娜娜6，赵晏强6. 深低温环境岩石力学与工程研究进展[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(7): 1671-1694.
TAN Xianjun1, LIU Xianhuan2, CHEN Weizhong1, JIA Hailiang2, ZHENG Peichao1, 3, LIU Jie4, ZHAO Yanxing5, XIAO Hongmei5, LI Nana6, ZHAO Yanqiang6. Advances in rock mechanics and engineering research in deep low-temperature environments. , 2025, 44(7): 1671-1694.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0891 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I7/1671

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