水岩干湿循环作用下玄武岩溶蚀机制试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0971

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摘要岩质边坡在持续干湿循环条件下，岩石易遭受水岩作用的强烈扰动而溶蚀风化，诱发滑坡灾害。为揭示岩石在干湿循环作用下的微观结构劣化及溶蚀机制，以玄武岩为研究对象，进行pH 值为2，4，7，9，11溶液条件下的干湿循环试验，采用单轴抗压试验、SEM电镜扫描等方法，探究溶液pH值及循环次数影响下玄武岩单轴抗压强度及微观结构劣化规律。通过溶液化学成分检测，分析溶液中主要化学元素的迁移行为。基于玄武岩溶解动力学机制，研究水岩反应非平衡态与平衡态时微观结构劣化过程及溶蚀机制。结果表明：不同溶液环境下，随着干湿循环次数增加，岩石单轴抗压强度降低，内部微观缺陷占比率提高；酸、碱环境中水岩反应由非平衡态转变为平衡态，中性环境反应始终处于非平衡态，不同pH值溶液中的非平衡态反应过程一致；非平衡态水岩反应中元素释放顺序为：Ca，Si，Al，其中，Si释放浓度随Al置换作用的增强而增多；玄武岩微观结构劣化受控于Si的释放，Si释放越多则岩石内部骨架溶蚀越严重；玄武岩整体劣化效应酸性最大、中性次之、碱性最弱。研究成果可为玄武岩岩质边坡的稳定性评价及斜坡灾害孕育过程的解释分析提供科学依据。

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	杨继清1
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	谢凤玉1
	葛子尧1
	张秀琼1
	申林方2
	陈积普2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 玄武岩, 溶蚀机制, 干湿循环, 微观结构, 劣化

Abstract：When subjected to continuous dry-wet cycles, rock slopes experience significant disturbances due to water-rock interactions, which lead to dissolution and weathering that can trigger landslide disasters. To investigate the microstructural deterioration and dissolution mechanisms of rock under these conditions, basalt was chosen as the research subject. Experiments were conducted under dry-wet cycles in solutions with varying pH values of 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11. Uniaxial compressive tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other analytical methods were employed to assess the uniaxial compressive strength and microstructural deterioration of basalt across different pH values and dry-wet cycle conditions. The migration behaviors of key chemical elements within the solutions were analyzed by evaluating their chemical compositions. Based on the dissolution kinetics of basalt, the study explored the microstructural deterioration process and the dissolution mechanisms of water-rock reactions in both non-equilibrium and equilibrium states. The results indicated that, across the various solutions, an increase in dry-wet cycles resulted in a decrease in the uniaxial compressive strength of the rocks and an increase in the proportion of internal microscopic defects. The water-rock reactions in both acidic and alkaline environments transitioned from a non-equilibrium state to an equilibrium state, while those in neutral conditions remained in a non-equilibrium state throughout. Furthermore, the reaction processes in non-equilibrium states across different pH solutions exhibited similar characteristics. The sequence of chemical element release during non-equilibrium water-rock reactions was observed as follows: Ca, Si, and Al, with the concentration of Si increasing as Al substitution intensified. The deterioration of the basalt microstructure was primarily influenced by the release of Si; greater Si release correlated with more severe dissolution of the rock’s internal skeleton. Overall, basalt exhibited the most significant deterioration effects in acidic environments, followed by neutral and alkaline conditions. These findings provide a scientific basis for evaluating the stability of basalt slopes and for understanding the developmental processes of slope-related disasters.

Key words： rock mechanics basalt dissolution mechanism dry-wet cycle microstructure deterioration

引用本文:

杨继清1，2，谢凤玉1，葛子尧1，张秀琼1，申林方2，陈积普2. 水岩干湿循环作用下玄武岩溶蚀机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(8): 2055-2070.
YANG Jiqing1, 2, XIE Fengyu1, GE Ziyao1, ZHANG Xiuqiong1, SHEN Linfang2, CHEN Jipu2. Experiment of the dissolution mechanism of basalt under the action of water-rock dry-wet cycles. , 2025, 44(8): 2055-2070.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0971 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I8/2055

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