Acoustic-thermal characteristics and fracture evolution laws of granite strain rockburst under different burial depths
ZHANG Ziqian1, 2, CUI Mengyao1, 2, PENG Yiguo1, 2, WANG Sijie1, 2, DOU Wenzhuo1, 2, SUN Wenzhe1, 2, LIU Dongqiao1, 2*
(1. State Key Laboratory of Tunnel Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)
Abstract：To investigate the fracture evolution of strain bursts in granite at varying burial depths, we employed a self-developed true triaxial rockburst experimental system that integrates high frame rate infrared thermal imaging and acoustic emission monitoring technologies. Rockburst experiments were conducted at five initial in-situ stress levels corresponding to burial depths ranging from 400 to 1 600 m. By analyzing the infrared radiation temperature field—including average temperature, spatio-temporal evolution of high-temperature points, and the differentiation rate of the temperature field—alongside acoustic emission characteristic parameters such as RA-AF values and energy concentration r values, we elucidated the macroscopic failure process of rockbursts, the infrared thermal image response to crack propagation, and the precursor behavior of acoustic emissions. The findings indicate that: (1) the macroscopic failure of rockbursts occurs in four stages: a calm period, external bulging of the rock plate, fracture, and debris ejection. Crack evolution exhibits a sequential morphology comprising shear, tension, and a combination of both. The intensity of rock explosions increases with greater burial depth, resulting in larger explosion pits. (2) Infrared thermal imaging effectively captures the entire process of crack initiation, propagation, and penetration. At greater burial depths, strip-shaped high-temperature zones dominated by tensile cracks serve as precursors to severe rockbursts. The average infrared temperature demonstrates a characteristic pattern of “stable-oscillating increase-sharp rise” prior to rockbursts, with high-temperature points aggregating and evolving along the rupture path. (3) Acoustic emission RA-AF analysis revealed that tensile cracks predominated the failure mode (70%–84.51%); the r value of energy concentration transitions from stable fluctuations to an accelerated decline before a rockburst, serving as a potential early warning indicator. (4) By assessing the temperature field differentiation rate, we can effectively identify shear (heating) and tension (cooling) fractures, with the appearance of their peaks and troughs occurring significantly earlier than the emergence of macroscopic cracks. This provides a novel observational basis for understanding the microscopic fracture mechanisms and predicting rockbursts. The research outcomes hold substantial theoretical value for identifying and mitigating rockburst risks in deep engineering contexts.
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2026, Vol. 45 
