滑动构造区极松散煤巷围岩大变形控制机制试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0999

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摘要为研究滑动构造区极松软煤层巷道围岩大变形控制机制，综合运用现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和物理模拟试验等方法，分析极松软煤层巷道支护–围岩系统失稳机制，自主设计大比例尺真三维锚固模型试验系统，并对比研究巷道在低预应力锚杆配合钢塑网护表、高预应力锚杆配合钢塑网与钢筋编织网联合护表2种围岩控制条件下，经受掘进、采动影响过程中围岩应力、锚杆锚固力、围岩体变形的演化规律。结果表明：(1) 巷道围岩失稳模式为：锚杆之间松软煤体是锚固作用薄弱区，在围岩载荷作用下首先发生破坏，逐渐产生极不均匀大变形，继而引起锚固围岩系统整体渐进失稳。(2) 掘进影响阶段，巷道围岩变形量较小，在较差的围岩控制条件下，巷道浅部0～1.64 m范围围岩径向应力、切向应力出现不同程度降低；而支护初期施加较高的锚杆预紧力和护表强度，可以直接有效地提高巷道浅部围岩的应力水平，使得锚固体具有较强承载能力，巷道浅部围岩应力降低程度相对减小，且围岩径向应力出现降低的范围由0～1.64 m减小到0～1.24 m。经受采动影响后，锚固围岩应力增加量相对提升25.0%～51.8%。(3) 采动影响作用下巷道围岩迅速产生强烈变形，尤其锚杆之间围岩产生类似“锥形”的极不均匀大变形区域。在较差锚固作用条件下，浅部围岩不断破碎、局部流失，锚杆轴力急剧升高之后缓慢下降；但在较好的锚固条件下，巷道围岩完整性良好，锚杆之间围岩出现极不均衡大变形的范围明显减小，锚杆轴力急剧升高后继续稳步增加，巷道围岩整体位移量也相对减少31.9%。

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	王兴开1
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	谢文兵1
	荆升国2
	苏致立2
	李路恒2
	鹿利恒2

关键词 ：采矿工程, 重力滑动构造, 极松散煤体, 相似模拟试验, 大变形, 围岩控制

Abstract：In order to study the large deformation control mechanism of surrounding rock of extremely loose coal roadway in gliding tectonics area，a large scale three-dimensional system of anchorage model was designed and the failure mechanism of support-surrounding rock system in coal roadway was analyzed by employing the combined method of field investigation，theoretical analysis，numerical simulation and physical simulation. Two laboratory physical models，with different control conditions to surrounding rock of roadway，were built respectively to understand the characteristics of stress development in entry surrounding rock，anchoring force of bolts and deformation of entry surrounding rock during roadway driving and mining. Two kinds of supports of bolting plus mesh were used in the laboratory test. One is the low tensioned bolts plus the steel-plastic mesh，the another one is the high tensioned bolts plus the combined meshes including the steel-plastic mesh and metal woven mesh. The results indicate that the supporting effect of bolts in the soft surrounding rock is weak，leading to the failure of surrounding rock in a short time under pressures，and then the large deformation appears gradually，causing the instability of the whole rock body surrounding the roadway. Upon the excavation of roadway forwardly，the radial tangential stresses in the shallow rock around roadway are reduced to different degrees. While for the roadway supported by high tensioned bolts and surface protection of high strength，the stresses in the shallow rock are obviously raised and the range of surrounding rock where the radial stress decreases is reduces is 0–1.64 m to 0–1.24 m. Besides，the stress increment in anchored surrounding rock is increased by 25%–51.8% after the influence of mining. Under the influence of mining，the deformation in the surrounding rock of roadway has an acceleration phase，in particular，the non-uniform large deformation in the surrounding rock between the bolts occurs. With the poor anchorage conditions，the shallow surrounding rock is constantly broken and partially dropped. Furthermore，the axial loads of bolt decreases slowly after a sharp rise. However，the rock under the second control conditions remains intact，and the axial loads of bolts increases steadily during the mining. Moreover，the surface displacement of roadway in the second test model is 31.9% less than that in the first one.

Key words： mining engineering gravity gliding tectonics extremely loose coal physical simulation large deformation surrounding rock control

引用本文:

王兴开1，2，谢文兵1，荆升国2，苏致立2，李路恒2，鹿利恒2. 滑动构造区极松散煤巷围岩大变形控制机制试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(2): 312-324.
WANG Xingkai1，2，XIE Wenbing1，JING Shengguo2，SU Zhili2，LI Luheng2，LU Liheng2. Experimental study on large deformation control mechanism of surrounding rock of extremely loose coal roadway in gliding tectonics area. , 2018, 37(2): 312-324.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0999 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2018/V37/I2/312

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