综放开采顶煤冒放性预测模型的构建与应用

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0505

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摘要为实现综放开采顶煤冒放性的定量分析，提高资源采出率，采用室内实验、理论分析、数值计算和现场实测等研究手段，测试单轴抗压条件下型煤和原煤中超声波速的全程动态演化特征，构建超声波速预测模型并将其应用于综放开采顶煤冒放性预测。煤体弹性变形阶段，超声波传播速度保持不变，后继屈服阶段，裂隙的萌生和扩展导致超声波速呈现单调降低趋势，残余变形阶段，超声波速降低至残余值并保持稳定；将工作面前方顶煤超声波速分布划分为单阶段(I)、双阶段(I–II)和三阶段(I–III)三种类型，对于I型分布采场，顶煤不具备冒放性，I–II型分布采场，顶煤冒放性差，采出率为50%～70%，I–III型分布采场，顶煤冒放性良好，采出率大于70%；采用累积塑性应变表征煤中裂隙发育程度，构建超声波速预测模型，将预测模型与本构模型耦合实现承载煤体变形破坏过程和超声波速演化特征的准确模拟，采用实验数据验证了模型的可靠性；将超声波速预测模型应用于新柳煤矿顶煤冒放性评价，预测结果表明，该矿综放工作面前方顶煤超声波速分布属于I，II，III三阶段类型，顶煤冒放性良好，实测顶煤采出率为83.3%，煤层垂直应力和顶煤超声波速实测数据与预测结果具有较好的一致性，表明所构建的超声波速预测模型可用于不同开采条件下顶煤冒放性评价。

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	王兆会1
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关键词 ：采矿工程, 厚煤层, 超声波速, 裂隙扩展, 综放开采, 顶煤冒放性

Abstract：In order to realize quantitative analysis of top-coal cavability and to improve top-coal recovery rate，evolution of ultrasonic wave velocity in uniaxially compressed coal is investigated and an ultrasonic model is established and applied to longwall top-coal cavability assessment by using lab test，theoretical analysis，numerical simulation and field measurement. Ultrasonic propagation speed in the coal remains unchanged during the elastic stage，decreases monotonically with fracture expanding in the subsequent yield stage，and tends to be stable again in the residual stage. Based on evolving features of the velocity during progressive failure process of the coal，distribution of the ultrasonic wave velocity ahead of the longwall face is divided into three classifications including single phase(I)，double phases(I–II) and three phases (I–III). For the single phase distribution，top coal is intact and the top-coal caving method is inapplicable. For the double phase distribution，top-coal cavability is bad and the recovery rate is low(50%–70%). Top-coal cavability is good and the recovery rate is higher than 70% for the three phase distribution. Cumulative plastic strain is used to characterize the development of fractures in the coal，and an ultasonic model is proposed for predicting the wave velocity. The ultrasonic model is coupled with the constitutive model to achieve accurate simulation of progressive failure process and ultrasonic wave velocity evolution in compressed coal. The developed model is validated by comparisons against experimental data and applied to assess longwall top-coal cavability in Xinliu coal mine. Numerical results indicate that the ultrasonic wave velocity distribution belongs to I–III type，which is verified by the in situ measured top-coal recovery rate of 83.3%. Accuracy of the prediction is also verified by field measurements of the vertical stress and the ultrasonic wave velocity. Thus，the model can be used to predict top-coal cavability in different mining conditions.

Key words： mining engineering thick coal seam ultrasonic wave velocity fracture propagation longwall top-coal caving mining top-coal cavability

引用本文:

王兆会1，2，王家臣1，2，王凯1. 综放开采顶煤冒放性预测模型的构建与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(1): 49-62.
WANG Zhaohui1，2，WANG Jiachen1，2，WANG Kai1. A model for top-coal cavability assessment and its application in longwall top-coal caving. , 2019, 38(1): 49-62.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0505 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I1/49

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