急倾斜煤层坚硬顶板塌落规律及控制研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0129

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摘要急倾斜煤层坚硬顶板塌落控制已成为煤矿生产中的难点问题，深入研究急倾斜煤层坚硬顶板塌落规律及控制方法对煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。通过现场勘查及室内试验方法分析煤岩层岩体的力学特性，采用室内相似材料模拟实验方法及离散元数值计算方法研究急倾斜煤层坚硬顶板的塌落规律，分析急倾斜煤层坚硬顶板的突变塌落特征及范围，设计坚硬顶板预裂爆破方案，利用离散元方法对坚硬顶板塌落控制方案进行数值模拟计算，并与实际工程中的应用效果进行对比分析。研究结果表明：坚硬顶板岩层具有明显的弹脆塑性破坏特性，采用弹脆塑性应变软化本构模型计算煤岩层接触面的破坏过程，能够合理反映急倾斜煤岩层顶板的破坏特征；3DEC离散元计算结果与相似材料模拟实验结果基本吻合，急倾斜坚硬顶板在短壁开采条件下沿倾向位移不明显，沿走向不易塌落，易在后方采空区形成跨度75～85 m的大面积悬顶，并伴有明显的突变塌落特征；提出利用离散元方法计算超前深孔预裂爆破顶板的数值计算方法，计算结果与现场实际应用效果相符，验证了该方法应用在坚硬顶板控制研究方面的可行性。

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	孙闯
	陈东旭
	程耀辉
	卢嘉鑫

关键词 ：采矿工程, 急倾斜煤层, 坚硬顶板, 相似材料模拟, 离散元方法, 预裂爆破

Abstract：In coal mining，hard roof collapse control of steeply dipping coal seams is a challenging problem，and hence，investigations of the collapse mechanism and control method of the hard roof in steeply dipping coal seams are crucial to coal mine safety production. In this study，the mechanical properties of coal-rock strata were analyzed through field investigations and indoor tests，and the collapse mechanisms，characteristics and range of the hard roof in steeply dipping coal seams were exploited by indoor similar material simulation experiments and discrete element numerical calculations. A presplitting blasting scheme of the hard roof was designed，and the collapse control scheme of the hard roof was simulated using the discrete element method and compared with the actual application. The results show that the rock stratum of the hard roof exhibits visible elastic-brittle-plastic failure characteristics and that the elastic-brittle-strain softening constitutive model used to evaluate the failure process of the coal-rock contact surface can reasonably reflect the failure characteristics of the steeply dipping coal seam roof. The results of both 3DEC simulations and similar material simulation experiments reveal that the steeply dipping hard roof deforms inconspicuously along the trend and is not easy to collapse along the strike under the short-wall mining condition，and that it is easy to form a large-area suspended roof with a span of 75–85 m in the rear goaf accompanied by obvious sudden collapse. A numerical calculation approach for calculating the advanced deep hole presplitting blasting roof was proposed based on the discrete element method，and the comparison between the simulation results with the actual application results validates the feasibility of applying this method to hard roof control.

Key words： mining engineering steeply inclined coal seams hard roof simulation of similar materials discrete element method presplitting blasting

引用本文:

孙闯，陈东旭，程耀辉，卢嘉鑫. 急倾斜煤层坚硬顶板塌落规律及控制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(8): 1647-1658.
SUN Chuang，CHEN Dongxu，CHENG Yaohui，LU Jiaxin. Study on collapse rule and control of hard roofs in steeply inclined coal seams#br#. , 2019, 38(8): 1647-1658.

链接本文:

http://www.rockmech.org/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0129 或 http://www.rockmech.org/CN/Y2019/V38/I8/1647

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