近距离强冲击倾向性煤层上行开采覆岩结构演化特征及其稳定性研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.1020

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摘要针对近距离强冲击倾向性煤层上行复采覆岩结构演化特征与稳定性问题，以宽沟煤矿B4–1强冲击倾向性煤层复采为背景，建立强冲击倾向性煤层上部倒梯形覆岩结构与冲击发生临界位置的关键层结构力学模型，提出煤柱最小安全距离的分析方法。采用物理材料相似模拟与数值模拟相结合的方法，运用压力传感器与SOS微震监测系统，对覆岩结构演化、矿压显现以及震源分布特征展开分析，利用覆岩结构的稳定性分析对冲击危险性进行评估。结果表明：B4–1强冲击倾向性煤层上行复采过程中，上部覆岩呈现以关键层为分界的“双倒梯形体”结构与关键层上部岩层集中垮断后的“单倒梯形体”结构动态式演变过程；余煤尺寸较小时上部倒梯形覆岩结构震源集中、能量大，采空区活化区域震源分散、能量小。提出了余煤复采中倒梯形覆岩结构稳定性分析的冲击地压危险性指数Im、冲击临界位置关键层受力分析的冲击地压危险性指数In，定量化分析冲击危险性指数变化趋势，将B4–1煤层复采划分为覆岩相对稳定区、周期性明显破坏区、冲击危险区域3部分。数值模拟分析底板应力验证了双峰值应力叠加效应的准确性。采用三种方法综合分析得到了为确保近距离强冲击倾向性B4–1煤层上行开采的煤柱剩余尺寸为39.2 m。研究结果为近距离强冲击倾向性煤层上行开采覆岩结构稳定性研究提供了科学指导。

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	陈建强4

关键词 ：采矿工程, 动力灾害, 重复采动, 覆岩结构, 稳定性分析, 微震监测

Abstract：In view of the evolution characteristics and stability of overlying rock structure in the upward mining of short distance coal seams with strong impact prone，taking B4–1 strong impact prone coal seam in Kuangou coal mine as the background，a mechanical model of the key layer structure of the inverted trapezoid overlying rock structure in the upper part of the strong impact prone coal seam and the critical position of the impact is established，and a analysis method of the minimum safe distance of the coal pillar is proposed. Based on the combination of physical material similarity simulation and numerical simulation， the evolution of the overburden structure， pressure behaviours and the characteristics of focal distribution are analyzed using pressure sensors and SOS microseismic monitoring system，and the impact risk is evaluated by analyzing the stability of the overburden structure. The results show that，during the upward mining of B4-1 strong impact prone coal seam，the upper overburden presents a dynamic evolution process from “double inverted ladder” structure with the key layer as the boundary to “single inverted ladder” structure after the centralized collapse of the upper layer of the key layer. When the size of the remaining coal is small，the upper inverted ladder overburden structure has a concentrated source with large energy，and the source in the active area of the goaf is scattered with small energy . Two rockburst risk indexes Im and In，for analyzing structural stability of the inverted trapezoid overburden structure and stresses of the key stratum at the critical position of impact respectively，are put forward，and the change trend of the rockburst risk indexes is analyzed quantitatively. B4–1 coal seam is divided into three parts including relatively stable area，periodic obvious damage area and impact risk area. The accuracy of the double peak stress superposition effect is verified by numerical simulation analysis of the floor stress. The residual size of coal pillar is determined as 39.2 m to ensure the upward mining of B4–1 coal seam with strong impact tendency in short distance by comprehensive analysis of three methods. The research results provide a scientific guidance for the study of the stability of the overburden structure in the upward mining of short distance strong impact prone coal seams.

Key words： mining engineering dynamic disaster repeated mining overburden structure stability analysis microseismic monitoring

引用本文:

崔峰1，2，3，贾冲1，来兴平1，2，3，陈建强4. 近距离强冲击倾向性煤层上行开采覆岩结构演化特征及其稳定性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39(3): 507-521.
CUI Feng1，2，3，JIA Chong1，LAI Xingping1，2，3，CHEN Jianqiang4. Study on the evolution characteristics and stability of overburden structure in upward mining of short distance coal seams with strong burst tendency. , 2020, 39(3): 507-521.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.1020 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2020/V39/I3/507

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