粒径分选性与围压对砂砾岩水力压裂破裂影响机制研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0006

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摘要砂砾岩储层中砾石颗粒分布往往具有非均质性，这严重影响着压裂效果，探明其对砂砾岩储层水力压裂机制的影响是当前油气储层开发热点和难点。选用3种不同粒径分选性的井下砂砾岩岩芯，对其施加不同围压进行水力压裂试验，深入分析砂砾岩水力压裂破裂机制。研究结果表明：(1) 低围压时，压裂曲线增压阶段中具有明显非线性，破裂压力(Pb)与起裂压力(Pi)之差(Pb－Pi)较大，增大围压，粒径分选性较差的砂砾岩压裂曲线增压阶段的非线性程度和Pb－Pi快速下降，而粒径分选性较好的砂砾岩变化幅度较小，Pb－Pi也较小；(2) 破裂形态在低围压下表现为绕转砾石，当增大围压时，对于粒径分选性较差的砂砾岩，裂纹遇砾石表现由止裂到穿透的演化，而粒径分选性较好时，破裂形态表现与围压无明显关系；(3) 压裂液滤失可诱导裂纹起裂，注射能影响着裂纹遇砾石的力学机制，当粒径分选性变化由差到好时直接影响压裂液滤失速率减小，导致压裂液滤失量减小，裂纹起裂压力增大，当围压增大时，注射能增大，裂纹曲折度减小。相关研究成果期望为砂砾岩油气储层改造提理论依据。

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	马东东1
	2
	罗宇杰1
	2
	胡大伟1
	2
	张杨3
	刘举3
	周辉1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 水力压裂, 砂砾岩, 粒径分选性, 破裂机制, 压裂液滤失, 注射能

Abstract：The particle distribution of glutenite formations is often heterogeneous，which seriously affects the fracturing effect. To ascertain the hydraulic fracturing mechanism of glutenite formations is thus one of the hottest and most difficult points in current oil and gas reservoir development. Three kinds of downhole glutenite cores with different gravel particle sizes were selected，and hydraulic fracturing tests were performed under different confining pressures to analyze the hydraulic fracturing mechanism of glutenite. The results show that, when the confining pressure is low，the fracturing curve has obvious nonlinearity in the pressurization stage and the difference(Pb－Pi) between the rupture pressure(Pb) and the initiation pressure(Pi) is large，With increasing the confining pressure，the non-linearity of the fracturing curve and the value of Pb－Pi of glutenite with poor particle size sorting decrease rapidly，while the glutenite with good gravel particle size selection has a smaller change range and smaller value of Pb－Pi. The rupture pattern appears as revolving gravel under the low confining pressure. Crack propagation evolves from crack arrest to penetration for the glutenite with poor particle size sorting when the confining pressure increases，while for good particle size sorting，the fracture morphology has no obvious relationship with the confining pressure. Fracturing fluid filtration can induce crack initiation and injection energy can affect the mechanical mechanism of cracks encountering gravel. Change of the gravel particle size selection from poor to good directly affects the reduction of the fracturing fluid filtration rate，resulting in the decrease of the fluid loss，and the increase of the crack initiation pressure. When the confining pressure increases，the injection energy increases while the crack tortuosity decreases. Related research results are expeceted to provide theoretical basis for the reconstruction of glutenite formations.

Key words： rock mechanics hydraulic fracturing glutenite rock particle size sorting fracturing mechanism fracturing fluid filtration injection energy

引用本文:

马东东1，2，罗宇杰1，2，胡大伟1，2，张杨3，刘举3，周辉1，2. 粒径分选性与围压对砂砾岩水力压裂破裂影响机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39(11): 2264-2273.
MA Dongdong1，2，LUO Yujie1，2，HU Dawei1，2，ZHANG Yang3，LIU Ju3，ZHOU Hui1，2. Effects of particle size sorting and confining pressure on hydraulic fracturing mechanism of glutenite rock. , 2020, 39(11): 2264-2273.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0006 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2020/V39/I11/2264

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