反倾层状碎裂结构岩质边坡破坏机制研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0631

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摘要反倾岩质边坡是我国西南水利水电工程、山区交通工程、矿山工程中一种常见的边坡类型，目前已成为影响此类工程正常运行的安全隐患之一。通过基底摩擦物理模型试验，研究了发育一组与岩层层面正交节理的反倾碎裂结构岩质边坡变形破坏全过程，分析了边坡变形破坏过程中的宏观变形、岩层位移、岩层弯折角等，揭示了反倾层状碎裂结构岩质边坡破坏机制及空间受力演化规律，并进行了反倾碎裂结构岩质边坡变形分区。研究结果表明：(1) 根据实验变形破坏特征，将反倾层状碎裂结构岩质边坡划定为拉裂–倾倒型、拉裂–滑移倾倒型、弯曲拉裂–(滑移)倾倒型3种破坏模式，并可分为稳定区、(弯曲)拉裂–倾倒区、压致拉裂–(滑移)倾倒区、剪切–滑移区等变形区，当坡角或倾角较大时，剪切–滑移区不存在。(2) 随着坡角增大，边坡破坏由渐变转化为速变，最先变形部位也由坡体中部向坡顶转移，破坏过程中岩层弯曲特性逐渐弱化；坡角大小一定，倾角较小时，坡体易先发生变形乃至沿破裂面滑移破坏；坡角或倾角较大时，坡体易发生拉裂–倾倒破坏。(3) 坡体不同位置岩层变形破坏明显不同步，变形符合蠕变三阶段特征，且当岩层刚开始发生张拉变形时，该岩层变形速率方向基本水平，当发生倾倒变形后，岩层产生明显的竖直变形速率，可作为划分坡体岩层初始变形阶段的判识标准。(4) 以拉裂–倾倒破坏为主的岩层最大弯折角明显较小，其破裂面呈阶梯状；以弯曲拉裂–(滑移)倾倒为主的岩层最大弯折角与破坏深度明显较大，其破裂面多呈直线或不规则折线状。

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	姚晔1
	章广成1
	陈鸿杰2
	汪鸣飞1
	包刘磊1
	常峥1

关键词 ：边坡工程, 层状碎裂结构, 反倾岩质边坡, 基底摩擦试验, 变形破坏特征, 破坏机制

Abstract：Counter-tilt rock slopes are a kind of rock slopes in the construction of large-scale water conservancy projects，highway(railway) projects and mine projects in China. In this paper，the whole process of deformation and failure of a rock slope with a set of joints orthogonal to the stratums is studied by means of the base friction model test. The slope deformation characteristics such as macro deformation，rock displacement，rock bending angle are analyzed to reveal the failure mechanism and the spatial force evolution law of the failure process，and the deformation zones of the counter-tilt rock slopes with layered cataclastic structure are divided. The test results show that the failure modes of the counter-tilt rock slopes with layered cataclastic structure include tensile-toppling，tensile-slip toppling and flexural tensile-(slip) toppling according to deformation and failure characterizes. The slope is divided into stable，(flexural-)tensile-toppling，compression cracking and (slippling-) toppling，and shear-slippling zones. When the slope angle or the dip angle is large，the shear-slipping zone does not exist. With increasing the slope angle，the failure of the slope body is gradually rapid，the first broken part transfers from the middle to the top of the slope，and the flexural characteristics of the rock stratums gradually decrease during the failure process；Models with a certain slope angle and a smaller dip angle are easier to deform and prone to slip along the fracture planes，while those with a larger slope angle or a larger dip angle are prone to tensile toppling failure. The deformation of the rock stratums in different parts of the slope are out-of-step，and the deformation rule conforms with the three-stage development of creep characteristics. The deformation rate is basically in horizontal orientation when the tensile deformation begins and then becomes apparent in vertical orientation after the topping failure happens，which can be taken as a judgment of the initial deformation stage. The maximum bending angle of the rock stratums which are dominated by tensile-toppling failure is obviously smaller，and the fracture planes are ladder-like. The maximum bending angle and the failure depth of the rock stratums dominated by flexural tensile-(slip) toppling are obviously larger，and the fracture planes are mostly straight line or irregular broken line.

Key words： slope engineering;layered cataclastic structure;counter-tilt rock slope;base friction model test deformation and failure characteristics;failure mechanism

引用本文:

姚晔1，章广成1，陈鸿杰2，汪鸣飞1，包刘磊1，常峥1. 反倾层状碎裂结构岩质边坡破坏机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(2): 365-381.
YAO Ye1，ZHANG Guangcheng1，CHEN Hongjie2，WANG Mingfei1，BAO Liulei1，CHANG Zheng1. Study on the failure mechanisms of counter-tilt rock slopes with layered cataclastic structure. , 2021, 40(2): 365-381.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0631 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/I2/365

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