煤岩动力灾害预测的微电流技术及其应用研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0749

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摘要为探索基于微电流技术的煤岩动力灾害预测新方法，利用自主研制的矿用微电流监测仪，在冲击地压煤矿回采工作面开展现场测试，研究得到巷道煤体微电流空间分布规律及回采过程工作面前方煤体微电流时域响应规律，结合现场微震事件确定基于微电流响应的煤体失稳破坏前兆特征，验证微电流法在煤岩体应力观测和动力灾害监测预警中的可行性。结果表明：巷道围岩能够激发出强度为数十微安的微电流，其大小分布与应力分布具有一致性，从巷帮向煤体深处表现出先增加后减小然后趋于稳定的变化规律；微电流对工作面推进过程响应较好，整体呈现阶梯型增加的趋势，在煤层回采期间，微电流呈逐渐增加的趋势，在停采期间，微电流呈现较为稳定的波动状态；微电流能够对矿震事件提前响应，其加速增加可作为矿震/煤体破坏的前兆特征；微电流法具有抗干扰能力强、响应灵敏、灾害预警超前性好等优点，在煤矿等地下工程应用前景广阔，但该技术尚处于试验阶段，仍需通过现场试验进一步验证和完善，以期最终为冲击地压等煤岩动力灾害的精准预测提供技术支持。

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	李德行1
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	王恩元1
	岳建华2
	张昕1
	王冬明1
	鞠云强4

关键词 ：岩石力学, 微电流, 失稳破坏, 矿震, 前兆信息, 煤岩动力灾害, 监测预警

Abstract：To explore a new method for coal and rock dynamic disaster prediction based on weak current technique，field tests of weak current of coal mass in front of the mining face of a mine with rock burst risk were carried out using a self-developed weak current measuring device. The spatial distribution laws of weak current of the surrounding coal of the roadway and the response laws of weak current of the coal mass in front of the working face in the mining process were obtained. Combined with the information of microseismic events monitored，the precursory characteristics of coal instability or failure based on weak current responses were determined，and the feasibility for using the weak current method to predict coal and rock dynamic disasters was verified. The results show that the distribution of weak current in surrounding coal mass is almost consistent with the stress distribution，showing a trend of “increase-decrease-stable” from the roadway side to the deep of coal mass. Weak current responses well to the advancing process of the working face，showing a stepped increasing trend. Specifically，weak current increases gradually in the mining period while fluctuates stably in the stopping period. In addition，weak current could response to mining tremors in advance，and the acceleration of the current can be used as the precursor of mining tremors or coal failures. The weak current method has a wide application prospect in underground engineering due to its advantages of strong anti-interference ability，sensitive response and advanced disaster warning. However，the weak current method is still in the experimental stage，and the technique still needs to be further verified and improved through more field tests so as to provide technical support for accurate prediction of coal and rock dynamic disasters.

Key words： rock mechanics weak current instability and failure mine tremor precursory information coal and rock dynamic disasters monitoring and early-warning

引用本文:

李德行1，2，3，王恩元1，岳建华2，张昕1，王冬明1，鞠云强4. 煤岩动力灾害预测的微电流技术及其应用研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(4): 764-774.
LI Dexing1，2，3，WANG Enyuan1，YUE Jianhua2，ZHANG Xin1，WANG Dongming1，JU Yunqiang4. A weak current technique for coal and rock dynamic disaster prediction and its application. , 2022, 41(4): 764-774.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0749 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I4/764

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