地震作用隧道正交下穿滑坡体衬砌结构的动力响应试验研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0542

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摘要随着我国交通干线穿越复杂艰险山区，越来越多的隧道建造在西部高烈度区，常常面临隧道下穿滑坡问题，潜在地震引发坡体病害地段隧道变形问题成为该地区交通隧道运维面临的重大隐患之一。以正交型隧道下穿滑坡为典型案例，首次开展振动台试验，测试得到不同概率水平地震作用特征图像、加速度、动土压力和动应变等多属性地震数据信息。通过模型变形特征、加速度、动土压力和动应变时域特性分析，揭示衬砌结构区域性空间动力响应特征。基于多属性地震数据综合分析，获得多属性数据之间时频变化关系及频谱定量化表征损伤水平的相关性。结果表明：(1) 地震作用下，加速度、动土压力和动应变多属性数据敏感度存在较大差异，动土压力时程效应最敏感，动应变相比加速度时程存在明显的滞后效应。(2) 限于隧道下穿滑坡空间位置关系和地震效应影响，衬砌破坏部位存在区域性差异，仰拱开裂成为薄弱区。(3) 动土压力呈现2次间歇性跳跃，衬砌变形主要由动土压力的第一个波形控制，在其作用时间内，衬砌塑性变形完成，二次波峰引起隧道衬砌产生残余动土压力。(4) 多属性数据信号频域内卓越频率主要集中在1～10 Hz，但各自的主导频率差异显著，低频段‐高频段奇异的大小分界线为10 Hz，在15～20 Hz频率段结构物较为安全。(5) 地震作用多属性数据响应变量之间均呈正相关关系，加速度与动土压力响应之间具有高度相关度，地震动加速度与动应变响应之间相关关系较弱，呈显著相关。研究成果可为高烈度地震区正交型隧道‐滑坡的变形破坏模式预测及工程安全评价提供理论参考。

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关键词 ：隧道工程, 正交型隧道‐滑坡体系, 地震作用, 振动台试验, 多属性地震数据, 相关性, 小波变换

Abstract：With the main traffic routes cross complex and dangerous mountainous areas，more and more tunnels face the problem of under-crossing a landslide. The tunnel deformation in a unstable slope body due to potential earthquake has become one of the major hidden dangers to the operation and maintenance of the traffic tunnel in this area. In this paper，a typical case of tunnel orthogonal under-crossing landslide was taken for the first time to carry out the shaking table test，and the multi-attribute seismic data information such as characteristic image，acceleration，dynamic soil pressure and dynamic strain under different probability level seismic action were obtained. Through the model deformation characteristics and the time-domain characteristics analysis of the acceleration，the dynamic soil pressure and the dynamic strain，the regional spatial dynamic response characteristics of the lining were revealed. Based on multi-attribute seismic data comprehensive analysis，the time-frequency relationships among multi-attribute seismic data were obtained and the correlation between orthogonal tunnel and landslide damage level characterized by spectrum characteristics of different probability levels was proposed. The results show that：(1) The sensitivities of multi-attribute data such as the acceleration，the dynamic soil pressure and the dynamic strain under earthquake action are greatly different. The time-history effect of the dynamic soil pressure is the most sensitive，and the time-history effect of the dynamic strain has obvious lag effect compared with acceleration time-history. (2) Due to the spatial position relationship of the tunnel under-crossing the landslide and the influence of seismic effect，the damage sites of the lining have regional differences，and the cracking inverted arch becomes the weak area. (3) The dynamic soil pressure presents two intermittent jumps. The deformation of the lining is mainly controlled by the first wave of the dynamic soil pressure. The plastic deformation of the lining is completed in the first wave，and the second wave peak causes the residual dynamic soil pressure of the tunnel lining. (4) The excellent frequencies in the frequency domain of the multi-attribute seismic data signal are mainly concentrated in 1‐10 Hz，but the respective dominant frequencies are significantly different. The singular size boundary between the low frequency band and the high frequency band is 10 Hz，and the frequency structure in the 15‐20 Hz band is safer. (5) There is a positive correlation between the multi-attribute seismic data response variables of the earthquake action. The acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure response have a high degree of correlation，and the correlation between the ground motion acceleration and the dynamic strain response is weak，showing a significant correlation. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the prediction of deformation and failure modes of orthogonal tunnel-landslide in high seismic intensity areas and the evaluation of engineering safety.

Key words： tunnelling engineering orthogonal tunnel-landslide system seismic action shaking table test multi-attribute seismic data correlation wavelet transform

引用本文:

牌立芳1，2，吴红刚2，3，4 . 地震作用隧道正交下穿滑坡体衬砌结构的动力响应试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2022, 41(5): 979-994.
PAI Lifang1，2，WU Honggang2，3，4 . Experimental study on dynamic response of tunnel lining structure orthogonal under-crossing a landslide under earthquake. , 2022, 41(5): 979-994.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0542 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V41/I5/979

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