(1. Faculty of Engineering，China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)，Wuhan，Hubei 430074，China；2. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture，Guangxi University，Nanning，Guangxi 530004，China；3. Anhui Province Institute of Building Research and Design，Hefei，Anhui 230001，China；4. Anhui Key Laboratory of Green Building and Assembly Construction，Hefei，Anhui 230031，China；5. Shanghai Construction Group Co.，Ltd.，Shanghai 200080，China；6. Wuhan Municipal Construction
Group Co.，Ltd.，Wuhan，Hubei 430023，China)
Abstract：Experimental model is conducted to explore the deformation characteristics of shield tunnels when subjected to the ground surface surcharge. In this paper，the 3D printing technology is applied to manufacture the shield tunnel model. The 3D printed shield tunnel model veritably reflects the structural features of shield tunnel linings，which overcomes the difficulty of manufacturing elaborate shield tunnel models. The concentrated load test is first carried out to investigate the characteristics of the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness efficiency of shield tunnel. The ground surface surcharge test is then conducted to study the stress and deformation characteristics of shield tunnel induced by the ground surface surcharge. The results from the experiment test show that the longitudinal equivalent bending stiffness efficiency is not a constant，but decreases with the increase of load. Its value varies from 0.176 to 0.044 in the test. It is observed that normal distribution curve is observed in the tunnel crown when subjected to the ground surface surcharge. The main settlement range is within the width of surcharge. Moreover，the distribution characteristics of the earth pressure on the tunnel crown has a similar pattern as the settlement of the tunnel crown. With the increase of surcharge，the induced earth pressure on the tunnel crow is greatest，followed by the tunnel invert and the induced earth pressure on the tunnel waist is smallest according to the measurement around the middle ring of the tunnel. The shield tunnel lining occurs “horizontal egg”-like convergence induced by the ground surface surcharge. It is found the displacement in the tunnel crown is largest，followed by the tunnel waist and the smallest displacement is observed in the tunnel invert. The experimental tests reveal the deformation characteristics of the shield tunnel and the interaction between the shield tunnel and the surrounding soil layers. It will provide valuable references for protection of existing tunnel when subjected to the sudden ground surface surcharge.
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2023, Vol. 42 
