Seismic fragility of tunnel linings with rubber-sand concrete constrained damping layer considering different ground motion types
LI Kaichen1, 2, 3, MEI Xiancheng1, 2*, CUI Zhen1, 2, CAI Xuesong3, SHENG Qian1, 2, CHEN Jian1, 2
(1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, Shandong 264006, China)
Abstract：To investigate the characteristics of near-fault ground motion and the influence of novel mitigation measures on tunnel lining damage mechanisms, a refined three-dimensional numerical model of the tunnel-surrounding rock system was developed based on the Kangding No. 2 Tunnel. Employing a probabilistic framework with incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), we systematically compared the dynamic responses and damage probabilities of conventional linings and rubber-sand concrete (RSC) constrained damping linings under far-field, near-fault non-pulse-like, and near-fault pulse-like motions. Peak ground velocity (PGV) and moment capacity ratio (MCR) emerged as the optimal intensity measure (IM) and damage measure (DM), respectively. Fragility analysis revealed that the RSC constrained damping layer significantly mitigates damage, reducing the probability of extensive damage by 26.7% at the Design Basis Earthquake level. Consequently, the risk profile transitioned from being dominated by extensive damage to a state where intact and extensive damage became nearly equiprobable. Ground motion characteristics were a dominant factor, with structural fragility following the order: near-fault pulse-like＞near-fault non-pulse-like＞far-field; the velocity pulse was identified as the critical driver of damage, more so than epicentral distance. Furthermore, concerning brittle failure induced by pulse-like motions, the traditional regression-based fitting method exhibited systematic biases in limit state assessment, characterized by overestimating risk in low-intensity regions and underestimating it in high-intensity regions. In contrast, the assessment results based on the critical point set method demonstrated greater rationality and physical clarity. These findings provide a valuable reference for the seismic design and performance enhancement of tunnels in near-fault regions.
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2026, Vol. 45 
