(1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering，Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Wuhan，Hubei 430071，China；2. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering，Shenyang University of Technology，Shenyang，Liaoning 110870，China；3. PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited，Changsha，
Hunan 410014，China；4. Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower INC，Kunming，Yunnan 650214，China)
Abstract：The study of surrounding rock failure mode is of great significance to the safe construction and efficient support of the underground caverns. The underground powerhouse is mostly constructed by layered excavation，and in this process，the stress state of the surrounding rock is constantly adjusted with the excavation，so it is necessary to study the surrounding rock failure mode of underground powerhouses with stress adjustment during the construction. Firstly，this paper summarizes the failure mode classification of surrounding rock in medium and low geostress levels by extensively investigating the surrounding rock failure mode in existing underground engineering. Then，the stress adjustment characteristics of the surrounding rock under layered excavation of shallow-buried underground powerhouses are analyzed. The failure mode classification of shallow-buried underground powerhouses considering excavation stage，typical parts，and rock mass basic quality(BQ) is proposed from the perspective of stress adjustment，and the phenomenon and mechanism of each failure mode are elaborated on and analyzed in detail. Finally，the failure mode classification is applied to the underground cavern group of Tuoba hydropower station. The failure mode classification of surrounding rock in this paper can provide some references for the prevention of the surrounding rock failure during the construction of shallow-buried underground engineering.
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2023, Vol. 42 
