不同卸压措施下“双能量”指标协同预警及调控机制分析

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0495

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摘要现有的煤矿冲击地压防治措施实施均与卸压工程息息相关。基于广泛认可的冲击地压能量理论，提出利用不同卸压措施，降低冲击危险区域岩体高应力集中程度，有效规避众多冲击地压的产生，但即使在现场卸压工作较为充分的情况下，其仍然发生冲击地压，此外冲击地压防治和巷道支护本身作为一对矛盾体，更加剧理论研究工作的复杂程度。为进一步细化卸压措施的合理性，从工程尺度将卸压措施转化为实验室尺度的卸压手段。通过单轴压缩方式施加静载，在室内尺度下分别得出2种常用卸压手段承载煤样的损伤演化规律，分析“双能量”指标一致性，并构建协同预警机制。试验结果表明：注水卸压措施可以很好的降低整体煤样的冲击倾向性，而钻孔卸压措施，虽然增大了煤样的冲击倾向性，其主要目的是人为引导能量释放，因此需要结合实际情况确定自适应卸压措施；此外单纯通过能量理论的“计算能量”具有一定的单一性，通过引入声发射破坏全过程的“监测能量”指标，数据统计发现两者具有跨尺度一致性。因此，基于上述理念，将承载煤样破坏过程“双能量”指标尝试引入到承载煤样破坏前兆判别思路，最终形成协同预警机制。其中，注水卸压过程中水–孔隙–裂隙耦合介质与完整煤基质形成较为稳定的弹性体，表现为稳定储存弹性应变能和耗散应变能缓慢增加，此外由于高孔隙水压力的存在以及水对煤基质的润滑等多种协同作用，促进孔隙–裂隙均快速扩展，出现耗散应变能短时间迅速回弹上升，快速破坏。而钻孔卸压措施均对承载煤样起到了应力转移作用，且大小孔径呈现出明显差异性，这对工程尺度上合理提出钻孔参数提出要求，进而确保达到合理有效卸压效果。

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	单鹏飞1
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	来兴平1
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	杨彦斌1
	白瑞1
	刘伯伟1

关键词 ：采矿工程, 卸压, 双能量, 协同预警, 调控机制

Abstract：The implementation of the existing coal mine rock burst prevention and control measures are closely related to the pressure relief project. Based on the widely recognized rock burst energy theory，it is proposed to use different pressure relief measures to reduce the high stress concentration of rock mass in the impact danger area，effectively avoided the generation of numerous rock burst，but even when the on-site pressure relief work is sufficient，The rock burst still occurs. In addition，the prevention and control of rock burst and the roadway support themselves as a pair of contradictions，which exacerbates the complexity of the theoretical research work . In order to further to refine the rationality of pressure relief measures，the pressure relief measures are transformed from engineering scales to laboratory scale pressure relief measures. In this paper，the static load was applied by uniaxial compression，and the damage evolution law of two commonly used pressure relief methods of coal samples was obtained at the indoor scale，the consistency of the“dual energy”index is analyzed，and a collaborative early warning mechanism is constructed. The test results show that：water injection pressure relief measures can well reduce the impact tendency towards the overall coal sample，while drilling pressure relief measures to increase the impact tendency towards the coal sample，and its main purpose is to artificially guide the energy release. So it needs Determine the adaptive pressure relief measures based on the actual situation；in addition，the“calculated energy”purely through energy theory has a certain unity，and the introduction to the“monitoring energy”indexed that destroys the entire process of acoustic emission，data statistics show that the two have cross-scale consistency. Therefore，based on the above concept，the“dual energy”indexed of the failure process of the loaded coal sample is tried to be introduced into the idea of ''identifying the precursors of the failure of the loaded coal sample，and finally a collaborative early warning mechanism is formed. Among them，the water–pore–fracture coupling medium and the intact coal matrix forms/formed a relatively stable elastic body in the process of water injection and pressure relief，which is manifested by the stable storage of elastic strain energy and the slow increase in dissipated strain energy. In addition，due to the existence of high pore water pressure and water Various synergistic effects such as the lubrication of the coal matrix promote the rapid expansion of pores and cracks，and the dissipation of strain energy quickly rebounds and rises in a short time and quickly breaks. The borehole pressure relief measures all have a stress transfer effect on the loaded coal sample，and the large and small diameters show obvious differences. This puts forward requirements for reasonable drilling parameters on the engineering scale，thereby ensuring a reasonable and effective pressure relief effect.

Key words： mining engineering pressure relief dual energy collaborative early warning regulation mechanism

引用本文:

单鹏飞1，2，张帅1，来兴平1，2，杨彦斌1，白瑞1，刘伯伟1. 不同卸压措施下“双能量”指标协同预警及调控机制分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2021, 40(S2): 3261-3273.
SHAN Pengfei1，2，ZHANG Shuai1，LAI Xingping1，2，YANG Yanbin1，BAI Rui1，LIU Bowei1. Analysis of cooperative early warning and regulation mechanism of“dual energy”indicators under different pressure relief measures. , 2021, 40(S2): 3261-3273.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2021.0495 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V40/IS2/3261

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