浅埋软岩公路隧道超前管棚支护机制与工程应用研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1455

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摘要根据弹性理论刚度等效方法，管棚可视作加劲肋，加固岩土视作各项同性板，将隧道拱顶局部范围的管棚和加固岩土整体视为弹性地基上四边受特定约束的各向异性板。基于传统的管棚弹性地基梁模型，建立管棚弹性地基各向异性板模型，将管棚的力学模型从一维拓展至二维，采用COMSOL PDE有限元法求解，并应用该模型分析甸头隧道管棚的作用机制。同时开展隧道室内物理模型试验，研究超前管棚作用机制，对比分析工程中常用的?76 mm和?108 mm两种管棚的支护效果，研究结果表明：(1) 管棚的受力和变形主要集中在掌子面前6 m范围内，将?76 mm管棚调整为?108 mm管棚后，横向和轴向弯矩分别增大56.9%和5.5%，同时管棚最大挠度降低38%，表明管棚支护刚度越大，所需承担的隧道开挖过程中的上部荷载也越大，通过减少上部围岩的松弛变形和应力释放，有效控制围岩变形。(2) 由于管棚弹性地基各向异性板模型是二维的，对比分析管棚模型的横向和轴向弯矩发现，?76 mm和?108 mm管棚的轴向弯矩分别为横向弯矩的13和20倍，说明管棚沿隧道轴向弯矩作用明显，与已有研究结论相符，但横向弯矩作用同样不可忽略。(3) 室内模型试验表明，沿隧道横向，管棚和围岩共同形成一定厚度的环向承载结构，起到超前支护的作用，共同承担隧道开挖后上方围岩荷载；沿隧道轴向，管棚与初支结构形成系统进行承载，起到梁支撑的作用，有效控制上方围岩的松弛变形和应力释放，从而提高掌子面围岩的稳定性。应用上述研究成果，成功指导了云南大永高速公路大断面软岩公路隧道下穿既有公路工程，将?76 mm管棚方案调整为?108 mm管棚方案后，现场实测拱顶上方最大地表沉降值减少了38%，室内试验的减少值为37%，室内试验和现场监测分析结果进一步验证了该模型的可行性和合理性，保障了整个下穿施工过程的安全顺利。

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关键词 ：隧道工程, 浅埋隧道, 管棚支护, 管棚弹性地基各向异性板模型, 模型试验, 现场监测

Abstract：According to the equivalent stiffness method of elastic theory，pipe-roofs can be regarded as stiffening rib and reinforced rock can be regarded as an isotropic plate. The reinforced rock and pipe-roofs can be considered as an anisotropic plate on elastic foundation with specific constraints on the four edges. The model of anisotropic plate on elastic foundation is established and solved by finite element method-COMSOL PDE. The mechanic behaviors of pipe-roofs are analyzed. The supporting effects of two commonly used types of pipe-roofs(?76 mm and ?108 mm) are compared and analyzed based on the model tests? result. The research shows that：(1) the stress and deformation of the grouting stabilization area mainly appear in the section no more than 6m ahead of the working face. After adjusting ?76 mm pipe-roof to ?108 mm pipe-roof，My and Mx increase by 56.9% and 5.5% respectively，while the maximum deflection decreases by 38%. It shows that the greater the stiffness of pipe-roof support，the more upper load it needs to bear. So the deformation of surrounding rock can be effectively controlled by reducing the relaxation deformation and stress release of the upper surrounding rock. My of ?108 mm and ?76 mm pipe-roof are 13 and 20 times the size of Mx respectively，which indicates that the pipe-roof has obvious effect on My along the tunnel. But the Mx can not be neglected. Model tests show that a bearing arch is formed with the pipe-roof and the surrounding rock to bear the upper load during the tunnel?s excavation. Along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel，the pipe-roof plays a role of supporting beam to reduce the rock mass?s deformation and the stress release and improve the stabilization of the working face.The achievements are successfully applied in the shallow buried tunnel?s construction. The tunnel?s section is large，and the surrounding rock mass is very weak，and an existing highway project stands nearly. After adjusting ?76 mm pipe-roof scheme to ?108 mm pipe-roof scheme，the maximum surface settlement monitored in the field decreased by 38% and that of the indoor test decreased by 37%. The engineering application shows that the tunnel?s construction is safe and the achievements are reasonable.

Key words： tunnelling engineering shallow-buried tunnel pipe-roof model of anisotropic plate on elastic foundation of pipe-roof model test in-situ monitoring

引用本文:

武松1，2，汤华1，罗红星3，4，戴永浩1，吴振君1. 浅埋软岩公路隧道超前管棚支护机制与工程应用研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2019, 38(S1): 3080-3091.
WU Song1，2，TANG Hua1，LUO Hongxing3，4，DAI Yonghao1，WU Zhenjun1. Research on mechanism and engineering application of advanced support of pipe-roof for shallow buried and soft rock highway tunnel. , 2019, 38(S1): 3080-3091.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1455 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2019/V38/IS1/3080

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