深厚表土综放采场断层煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压机制研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0448

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摘要深厚表土综放采场断层煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压具备高隐蔽性、强破坏性、难防护性和长延续性的破坏特征，煤矿现场难以有效预警和防治。以巨野煤田某矿2305S工作面为工程背景，采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测等方法，研究深厚表土综放采场断层煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压机制。探讨了深厚表土综放采场岩–土地层初次、周期联动的空间结构和力学特征，设计了深厚表土综放采场断层煤柱承载地层传递载荷、上覆自重载荷和断层构造载荷的估算方法，提出了深厚表土综放采场断层煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压的力学判据。根据模拟应力增速演变规律将断层煤柱回采过程划分为蓄能阶段和临界阶段，其中临界阶段整体失稳冲击危险水平快速提升。揭示了深厚表土综放采场断层煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压机制：断层与沿空面斜交形成的断层煤柱具备高水平的基础应力，当工作面推进至岩–土地层初次联动阶段时，走向地层传递载荷提高了断层煤柱的应力水平，同时连续推采条件下其承载面积不断减小，当载荷量超过弹性承载区的失稳阈值时即发生整体失稳型冲击地压。设计了此类型冲击地压治理方案，包括采前整体冲击危险评估、井地联合区域监测–弹核应力局部预警、分级承载多层卸压设计。

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关键词 ：采矿工程, 冲击地压, 深厚表土, 断层煤柱, 整体失稳

Abstract：Rockburst induced by the overall instability of fault coal pillar in the stope under thick overburden soil exhibits destructive characteristics such as high concealment，strong destructiveness，difficulty in protection，and long duration，which is challenging to predict and prevent effectively in the coal mine field. Taking the 2305S working face of a mine in the Juye coal field as the engineering background，this study adopts theoretical analysis，numerical simulation，and field measurement to investigate the mechanism of rockburst induced by the overall instability of fault coal pillar in the stope under thick overburden soil. The conclusions are as follows: the study discusses the spatial structure and mechanical characteristics of the initial and periodic interactions of rock-soil strata in the stope under thick overburden soil，designs a calculation method for the load-bearing strata to bear the transferred load，overlying self-weight load，and fault structural load，and proposes a mechanical criterion for the rockburst induced by the overall instability of the fault coal pillar in the stope under thick overburden soil. According to the evolution law of simulated stress growth rate，the mining process of fault coal pillars is divided into energy storage stage and critical stage，in which the overall instability shock hazard level rapidly increases during the critical phase. The mechanism of rockburst induced by the overall instability of fault coal pillar in the stope under thick overburden soil is revealed: the fault coal pillar，formed by the intersection of the fault and the goaf，carries a high level of base stress. When the working face advances to the initial interaction phase of the rock-soil strata，the transferred load from the trend strata increases the stress level of the fault coal pillar，while its bearing area decreases continuously under the conditions of continuous mining. When the load exceeds the instability threshold of the elastic bearing zone，a rockburst caused by overall instability occurs. A control plan for this type of rockburst is designed，including pre-mining overall impact risk assessment，well-ground joint regional monitoring-nuclear stress local early warning，and graded bearing multi-layer pressure relief design.

Key words： mining engineering rockburst deep topsoil fault coal pillar overall instability

引用本文:

张翔1，朱斯陶1，2，张修峰2，姜福兴1，刘金海3，陈洋2，万晓4，杨涛3，朱淳5，李佳洁1. 深厚表土综放采场断层煤柱整体失稳型冲击地压机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(3): 713-727.
ZHANG Xiang1，ZHU Sitao1，2，ZHANG Xiufeng2，JIANG Fuxing1，LIU Jinhai3，CHEN Yang2，. Research on the mechanism of overall instability type rock burst of fault coal pillars in deep topsoil fully mechanized top coal caving mining area. , 2024, 43(3): 713-727.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0448 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I3/713

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