高应力环境下复杂错断机制隧道模型试验装置的研制与应用

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0726

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摘要活动断层受构造作用发生错动时，跨越活动断层的隧道将会发生不同程度的结构损伤及破坏。现存模拟跨活断层隧道错断的试验装置，大多针对浅埋隧道，未考虑深部应力环境，影响其试验结果在大埋深高应力隧道工程中的应用。鉴于此，研制可模拟高地应力环境下复杂断层错动机制的试验装置成为关键一环。结合我国西部强震区大型生命线工程跨活断层隧道特征确定试验装置参数需求，研制出试验装置，并基于该装置研究深埋与浅埋隧道衬砌破坏特征的差异。结果表明：(1) 我国西部强震区工程跨活断层隧道具有大埋深、高地应力、复杂错断特征，故确定试验装置围压加载设计参数为0.8 MPa；水平错距设置为20 cm，竖直错距设置为10 cm。(2) 通过开展自由场及隧道模型错断试验，验证设备可有效遂行走滑错动、倾滑错动、以及走滑–倾滑耦合错动，且在错动过程中围压可保持在稳定状态，达到研制目的。(3) 通过隧道错断试验得出，深埋隧道产生较大的挤压变形，破坏区域较大；浅埋隧道在跨断层位置隧道被剪断，破坏程度较严重；在断层与隧道交角小角度时隧道破坏更严重。该设备的研制为研究高应力环境下跨复杂机制活断层隧道受破环影响提供重要的试验装备基础。

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	崔臻1
	张佳威1
	2
	盛谦1
	马亚丽娜1
	3
	周光新1
	4
	颜天佑5
	李建贺5

关键词 ：隧道工程, 活断层, 复杂错断机制, 高地应力, 试验装置

Abstract：When active faults experience tectonic movements，tunnels crossing these active faults will undergo varying degrees of structural damage and failure. Existing experimental setups that simulate the fault displacement of tunnels crossing active faults are mostly designed for shallow-buried tunnels and do not consider deep-seated stress conditions. This limitation has impacted the applicability of their test results to deep-buried，high-stress tunnel projects. Given this，the development of an experimental apparatus capable of simulating complex fault-displacement mechanisms under high in-situ stress conditions becomes a crucial component. This study，in conjunction with the characteristics of large lifeline projects crossing active faults in the strong seismic zone of western China，determined the parameters required for the experimental apparatus. We have successfully developed this apparatus and utilized it to investigate the differences in lining damage characteristics between deep-buried and shallow-buried tunnels.The results show that：(1) tunnel structures crossing active fault zones in the strong seismic regions of western China exhibit features such as significant burial depth，high in-situ stress，and complex fault displacement. Consequently，the design parameters for the experimental apparatus were determined，including a confinement pressure of 0.8 MPa，a horizontal fault offset of 20 cm，and a vertical fault offset of 10 cm. (2) By conducting free-field and tunnel model fault-displacement experiments，it was confirmed that the equipment can effectively simulate pure strike-slip，dip-slip，and strike-slip/dip-slip-coupled fault movements. Moreover，it was observed that the confining pressure remains stable during the fault movement process，thereby achieving the objectives of this research and equipment development. (3) The tunnel fault-displacement tests yielded the following outcomes：Deep-buried tunnels exhibited significant compressive deformation，resulting in larger areas of damage. Shallow-buried tunnels，on the other hand，experienced shearing at the fault zone，leading to more severe structural damage. Moreover，when the fault was oriented at a small angle to the tunnel axis，the level of damage to the tunnel increased. The development of this equipment provides a crucial foundation for investigating the impact of complex fault mechanisms on tunnels crossing active faults in high-stress environments.

Key words： tunnel engineering active fault complex fault mechanisms high in-situ stress test device

引用本文:

崔臻1，张佳威1，2，盛谦1，马亚丽娜1，3，周光新1，4，颜天佑5，李建贺5. 高应力环境下复杂错断机制隧道模型试验装置的研制与应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(5): 1080-1095.
CUI Zhen1，ZHANG Jiawei1，2，SHENG Qian1，MA Yalina1，3，ZHOU Guangxin1，4，YAN Tianyou5，LI Jianhe5. Development and application of a model test device for active fault tunnels crossing complex fault under high in-situ stress environment. , 2024, 43(5): 1080-1095.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0726 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I5/1080

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