高地应力硬质砂岩断裂特征及岩爆孕育过程研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0687

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摘要为研究高地应力下硬质砂岩隧道岩爆破坏特性，真实模拟高地应力深部岩体的损伤破坏特性，建立基于PPR势能函数的I/II混合型黏聚力模型。通过紧凑拉伸试验和贯穿剪切试验，对硬质砂岩I和II型断裂特性进行研究，获得模型参数，然后建立高地应力下硬质砂岩隧道岩爆数值分析模型，对岩爆过程中的应力、能量进行追踪，分析硬质砂岩隧道岩爆孕育过程及破坏特性。研究结果表明：(1) 硬质砂岩剪切强度和II型断裂能均随围压的增大而增大，当围压超过30 MPa时，硬岩砂质II型断裂性能趋于稳定。(2) 当竖向应力远大于水平应力时，硬质砂岩隧道主要以层状剥落或楔形爆裂形式发生张裂–倾倒式的岩爆；反之，主要发生以岩体内部贯通性剪切破坏为特征的剪切–爆裂式岩爆；当水平应力与竖向应力均较大时，岩体卸荷破坏形式多表现出张剪性复合型破坏特征，主要发生张裂–剥落式岩爆。

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	张志强1
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	张康健1
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	许佳磊1
	2
	罗春1
	2

关键词 ：岩石力学, 岩爆, 高地应力, 硬质砂岩, 断裂特征, 黏聚力模型

Abstract：To study the hard sandstone rockburst failure characteristics under high ground stresses and to simulate the damage failure characteristics of the rock mass in that state，a I/II mixed cohesive zone model based on Park-Paulino-Roesler(PPR) potential energy function was established. Through disk-shaped compact tension test and punch-through shear test，the mode I and mode II fracture characteristics of hard sandstone were studied，and the parameters were obtained. Then，a numerical model was established to simulate the rockburst of hard sandstone tunnels under high ground stresses. The stress and energy of the elements in the process of rockburst are tracked to analyze the process and failure characteristics of rockburst in hard sandstone tunnel. The research results indicate that：(1) the shear strength and mode II fracture energy of hard sandstone increase with the increase of the confining pressure. When the confining pressure exceeds 30 MPa，the mode II fracture performance tends to stabilize. (2) When the vertical stress is much greater than the horizontal stress，the hard sandstone tunnel mainly experiences tensile-toppling rockburst in the form of layered spalling or wedge-shaped burst. On the contrary，shear-bursting rockburst characterized by penetrating shear failure in rock mass will occur. When the horizontal stress and vertical stress are both large，the unloading failure mode of rock mass mostly shows the characteristics of tensile-shear composite failure，and the tensile-stripping rockburst mainly occurs.

Key words： rock mechanics rockburst high ground stress hard sandstone failure characteristics cohesive zone model

引用本文:

张志强1，2，张康健1，2，许佳磊1，2，罗春1，2. 高地应力硬质砂岩断裂特征及岩爆孕育过程研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(1): 50-58.
ZHANG Zhiqiang1，2，ZHANG Kangjian1，2，XU Jialei1，2，LUO Chun1，2. Study on fracture characteristics and rockburst process of hard sandstone under high ground stresses. , 2024, 43(1): 50-58.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0687 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I1/50

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