深部底板水锤突水效应及递进–导升力学模型研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2024.0058

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摘要矿井底板水害是影响深部煤矿安全生产的一种重要灾害。为深入研究深部底板复杂的突水现象，首先调查和分析华北地区工作面突水特征，认为大多突水事故是由于扰动应力和水压流固耦合作用综合导致底板的破断。在一定采动条件下，深部底板裂隙岩体通道内会形成由势能转变为动能(使运动的水获得加速度)的动水锤效应，对采场围岩有不同程度的损伤或者破坏，定义为水锤突水效应。深部岩体水锤效应形成本质是水体在裂隙通道的流动被瞬时截断，由此导致水体在通道里面反复循环冲击，裂隙通道围岩发生损伤，当该反复循环运动水体的能量积聚到一定状态，进而导致裂隙导升破裂，由此引发突水灾害。基于此思想，建立水锤影响下深部底板水的递进–导升力学模型，揭示裂隙岩体在水锤影响下可能促进突水通道形成。理论和数值研究结果综合表明，裂隙岩体通道中水流速度越快，通道瞬时截断形成水锤压强越大；受水锤效应影响，水楔作用将进一步地驱动岩体裂隙递进–导升破坏。最后，以华北型煤田为工程背景，对底板岩体水锤影响下突水类型进行分类：裂隙岩体水锤–水楔导升突水、隐伏断层应力潜蚀–断裂突水和大构造断层导通突水，并对受水锤影响下深部底板突水提出控制建议方法。水锤突水效应是笔者对煤矿底板突水现象提出的一个新的机制，目前还处于初步讨论阶段，以期为认识深部底板突水机制和防控提供一定的指导。

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	左建平1
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关键词 ：采矿工程, 水锤突水效应, 递进&ndash, 导升, 水楔作用, 断裂力学, 突水控制

Abstract：Water inrush from the mine floor is a significant hazard affecting the safe production of deep coal mines. To investigate the complex phenomenon of water inrush from deep mine floors，the characteristics of water inrush incidents in the working faces of the North China region were examined and analyzed. It is found that most water inrush accidents are caused by the combined effects of disturbance stress and water pressure fluid-solid coupling，leading to floor failure. Under certain mining conditions，a dynamic water hammer effect can form in the fracture rock mass channels of the deep mine floor. This effect causes varying degrees of damage or destruction to the surrounding rock of the mining area，which we define as the water hammer water inrush effect. The essence of the water hammer effect in deep rock masses is the instantaneous interruption of water flow in the fracture channels，causing the water to repeatedly cycle and impact within the channel. This repeated cycling leads to damage to the surrounding rock of the fracture channel. When the energy of the repeatedly cycling water accumulates to a certain state，it causes the fracture to expand and break，resulting in a water inrush disaster. Based on this concept，a progressive-lifting mechanical model of deep mine floor water under the influence of water hammer is established， revealing that the water hammer effect in fracture rock masses may promote the formation of water inrush channels. Theoretical and numerical study results collectively indicate that the faster the water flow in the fracture rock mass channels，the greater the instantaneous pressure formed by the water hammer. Under the influence of the water hammer effect，the water wedge effect further drives the progressive-lifting failure of rock mass fractures. Finally，we categorized the types of water inrush from the mine floor under the influence of water hammer into：water hammer-water wedge-induced water inrush from fracture rock masses，stress erosion-fault-induced water inrush from concealed faults，and water inrush from major structural fault conduits. We also proposed control measures for water inrush from deep mine floors affected by water hammer. The water hammer water inrush effect is a new mechanism proposed for water inrush from mine floors，currently in the preliminary discussion stage，aimed at providing some guidance for understanding and controlling deep mine floor water inrush mechanisms.

Key words： mining engineering water hammer effect progressive-lift water wedge action fracture mechanics water inrush control

引用本文:

左建平1，2，吴根水2，3. 深部底板水锤突水效应及递进–导升力学模型研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(8): 1852-1869.
ZUO Jianping1，2，WU Genshui2，3. Research on water inrush caused by water hammer effect and progressive-lift mechanical model of deep floor. , 2024, 43(8): 1852-1869.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2024.0058 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I8/1852

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