泸定地震震中海螺沟景区道路地质灾害发育规律及灾后重建对策

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2024.0097

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摘要 “9•5”泸定地震在震中海螺沟景区诱发大范围同震地质灾害，景区道路50%路段位于地震烈度IX度(9度)影响范围，道路严重受损且通行能力完全丧失。为探究海螺沟景区道路地质灾害发育规律及灾后重建对策，全面采用遥感、激光雷达、无人机倾斜摄影、地面调查、地质勘察和结构面自动识别等多维度、立体化手段，对研究区地质灾害由面至点开展系统研究。结果表明：(1) 研究区共发育同震地质灾害503处，总面积达3.75×106 m2，主要分布于道路K10～K15段右侧，1 900～2 900 m高程范围内，30°～60°的斜坡上。(2) 地质灾害发育分布规律以地貌、岩性、震中、河流因素控制为主，与主断裂空间耦合性不强。(3) 地质灾害失稳模式可分为高位崩塌、堆积体滑坡、坡表浅层垮塌3类，具有数量多、线性分布、规模不一等特点，其中高位崩塌主要发生于花岗岩、白云岩等硬岩区域内，而滑坡、浅层垮塌主要发生在片岩、板岩等软岩区域和磨西台地冰水堆积体岸坡上。(4) 深切峡谷地形和高地震峰值加速度，在硬岩坡折带产生地震放大效应，使得高位崩塌规模巨大；强震作用下厚层堆积体滑坡整体失稳存在滞后性现象。(5) 基于地质灾害发育演化规律，海螺沟景区道路灾后重建工程以“减灾选线”为理念，坚持地质灾害“避大治小”，以4座隧道绕避高位崩塌，以13座桥梁跨越潜在泥石流沟，结合注浆钢花管、锚杆框架梁等震损边坡原位处治措施，提升景区道路防灾抗灾能力。研究成果系统揭示泸定地震震中区域地质灾害发育规律，所提灾后重建对策在工程实践中得以全面应用，为强震区灾害识别评估和道路灾后重建工作提供重要支撑。

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	邬凯1
	易雪斌1
	付晓东2
	3
	张磊1
	康景宇2
	3
	袁泉1
	邵江1

关键词 ：工程地质, 泸定地震, 海螺沟景区道路, 高位崩塌, 震害特征, 发育规律, 重建对策

Abstract：The“9•5”Luding earthquake triggered a large-scale co-seismic geo-hazard in the Hailuogou scenic area. Half of the scenic road sections were located within the range of seismic intensity IX(9 degrees)，resulting in severe damage to the roads and the complete loss of traffic capacity. To explore the geo-hazards development rules and post disaster reconstruction strategies of Hailuogou scenic road，multi-dimensional and stereoscopic methods were comprehensively employed，including remote sensing，LiDAR，unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photography，field survey，geological exploration，and the automatic extraction of structural planes. These approaches enabled a systematic investigation of the geo-hazards in the study area from the regional level to the local site. The results showed that：(1) there were 503 co-seismic geo-hazards developed in the study area，with a total area of 3.75×106 m2. These geo-hazards were primarily concentrated along the right side of section K10–K15，within an elevation range of 1 900 m to 2 900 m and a slope range of 30°to 60°. (2) The distribution rules of geo-hazards were mainly controlled by factors such as topography，lithology，epicenter，and river，and the spatial coupling with the main fault was not particularly strong. (3) The instability modes of geo-hazards could be divided into three types：high-level collapse，deposit landslide，and shallow slope surface collapse，which exhibited the characteristics of large quantity，linear distribution，and different scales. Among these，high-level collapse was mainly observed in hard rock areas such as granite and dolomite，while landslides and shallow collapses mainly appeared in soft rock areas such as schist and slate，and on the ice water accumulation slope of the Moxi Platform. (4) The deep canyon terrain and high seismic peak acceleration caused seismic amplification effects in the rupture zone of the hard rock slope，resulting in a large scale of high-level collapse. A hysteresis phenomenon was observed in the overall instability of thick deposit landslides under strong earthquake action. (5) In accordance with the geo-hazards development rules，the post disaster reconstruction project of roads in Hailuogou scenic area adopted the concept of disaster reduction and route selection，and adhered to the principle of avoiding major geo-hazard and treating minor geo-hazard. Four tunnels were constructed to avoid high-position collapses，and thirteen bridges were built to cross potential debris flow gullies. In conjunction with in-situ treatment measures such as grouting steel flower pipes and anchor rod frame beams，the disaster prevention and resistance ability of scenic roads was enhanced. The results systematically revealed the geo-hazards development rules of the Luding earthquake epicenter area. The proposed post disaster reconstruction strategies were comprehensively applied in engineering practice，providing important support for disaster identification and evaluation and post disaster road reconstruction work in strong earthquake areas.

Key words： engineering geology Luding earthquake Hailuogou scenic road high position collapse geo-hazard characteristics development rules reconstruction strategies

引用本文:

邬凯1，易雪斌1，付晓东2，3，张磊1，康景宇2，3，袁泉1，邵江1. 泸定地震震中海螺沟景区道路地质灾害发育规律及灾后重建对策[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(8): 1909-1922.
WU Kai1，YI Xuebin1，FU Xiaodong2，3，ZHANG Lei1，KANG Jingyu2，3，YUAN Quan1，SHAO Jiang1. Geohazard development rules and post disaster reconstruction strategies of Hailuogou scenic road in the epicenter of Luding earthquake. , 2024, 43(8): 1909-1922.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2024.0097 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I8/1909

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