不同加载刚度砂岩失稳破坏特征及能量演化规律

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摘要巷道开挖卸荷过程中，不同区域围岩劣化破坏特征及其刚度呈现出差异性，为探究不同刚度条件下岩体力学特性对巷道围岩稳定性的影响，采用ZS-B二维可变刚度动力破坏模拟实验系统对砂岩进行加载试验，分析单轴变刚度加载条件下砂岩的破坏特征，得到变刚度加载下砂岩的失稳破坏特征和能量演化规律。结果表明：(1) 加载刚度对岩石峰值前阶段的应力–应变曲线变化和峰值状态基本无影响，与岩石本身的材料性质密切相关；(2) 峰前实验机储存的弹性变形能在峰后转化为剩余能量，加载刚度较低时，转化的剩余能量较多，岩石破坏迅速，反之，剩余能量较少，岩石呈现持续性阶段破坏；(3) 当加载刚度为0.1 GN/m时呈现为张拉–剪切型复合破坏，随着加载刚度的增加，逐渐演变为张拉型破坏，砂岩的完整性逐渐降低，岩石的RA-AF参数图数据点由分布在张拉裂纹和剪切裂纹两侧逐渐转变为主要分布在张拉裂纹区域；(4) 峰前声发射AE事件振铃数稳定在较低水平，随着实验机加载刚度的增加AE事件数峰值由单峰值变为多峰值，且峰值逐渐降低，加载刚度增加促进岩石内部裂纹发育，刚度过大反而起到抑制作用。研究成果为巷道围岩的稳定性提供一种研究方法，可从提高岩体强度，增加岩石的储能和弱化刚度环境中岩体的破坏程度等角度采取相应措施(支护、改性、卸压)提高巷道围岩的稳定性。

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	许文松1
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	张金栋2
	赵光明2
	刘崇岩1
	戚敏杰2
	武新文3
	刘佳佳4

关键词 ：岩石力学, 不同刚度, 等效刚度, 剩余能量, 驱动破坏, RA-AF参数

Abstract：Under roadway excavation and unloading，the deterioration and failure characteristics of surrounding rock in different regions and their stiffness present different characteristics. In order to explore the influence of rock mass mechanical characteristics on the stability of roadway surrounding rock under different stiffness conditions，the ZS-B two-dimensional variable stiffness dynamic failure simulation experiment system is adopted to carry out loading tests on sandstone，and the failure characteristics of sandstone under uniaxial variable stiffness loading conditions are analyzed. The failure characteristics and energy evolution law of sandstone under variable stiffness loading are obtained. The results show that：(1) the loading stiffness has little effect on the stress-strain curve and the peak state of the rock before the peak，which are closely related to the material properties of the rock itself. (2) The elastic deformation energy stored by the pre-peak test machine is converted into residual energy after the peak. When the loading stiffness is low，more residual energy will be converted，and the rock will be damaged rapidly. Otherwise，the residual energy will be less，and the rock will be damaged in a continuous stage. (3) When the loading stiffness is 0.1 GN/m，the rock presents a tension-shear composite failure. With increasing the loading stiffness，it gradually evolves into a tension-shear failure，and the integrity of the sandstone gradually decreases. The data points of the RA-AF parameter diagram of the rock gradually change from being distributed on both sides of the tension crack and the shear crack to being mainly distributed in the tension crack region. (4) The pre-peak AE event ringing number is stable at a low level. With increasing the loading stiffness of the experimental machine，the peak value of the AE event number changes from a single peak to a multiple peak value，and the peak value gradually decreases. The increase in the loading stiffness promotes the development of cracks in the rock，while excessive stiffness inhibits it. The research results provide a research method for the stability of roadway surrounding rock，and corresponding measures(support，modification and pressure relief) can be taken to improve the stability of roadway surrounding rock from the perspectives of improving rock strength，increasing rock energy storage and weakening rock failure degree in the environment of stiffness.

Key words： rock mechanics different stiffnessesequivalent stiffness residual energy drive destruction RA-AF parameter

引用本文:

许文松1，2，张金栋2，赵光明2，刘崇岩1，戚敏杰2，武新文3，刘佳佳4. 不同加载刚度砂岩失稳破坏特征及能量演化规律[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(12): 2908-2923.
XU Wensong1，2，ZHANG Jindong2，ZHAO Guangming2，LIU Chongyan1，QI Minjie2，WU Xinwen3，LIU Jiajia4. Failure characteristics and energy evolution of sandstone with different loading stiffnesses. , 2024, 43(12): 2908-2923.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I12/2908

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