热应力和天然裂缝影响下干热岩水力裂缝扩展机制研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0664

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摘要明确热应力和天然裂缝影响下的干热岩储层水力裂缝扩展机制对有效指导水力压裂施工设计和高效开发地热能具有积极意义。首先应用自主研发的高温真三轴水力压裂物理模拟实验系统开展花岗岩试样高温真三轴水力压裂实验，分析温度变化对花岗岩损伤破裂的影响。然后基于连续–非连续单元法建立一套场区尺度的三维热–流–固耦合裂缝扩展模拟方法，并通过三维裂缝扩展理论模型和高温水力压裂实验验证准确性。随后通过开展干热岩储层水力压裂数值模拟分析热应力和天然裂缝发育对干热岩水力裂缝扩展的影响规律。结果表明：注入冷水产生的诱导热应力可以降低储层岩石破裂压力和裂缝延伸压力、增加裂缝宽度和减小裂缝长度。随着岩样温度的升高，诱导热应力明显增强，物理模型实验和数值模拟中的岩石破裂压力均明显降低。考虑诱导热应力影响时，即使在较大水平地应力差和逼近角情况下水力裂缝也可以激活天然裂缝。相比不含天然裂缝的干热岩储层，含200条随机分布天然裂缝的储层改造体积增大63.8%。随着储层热膨胀系数增加，热应力的影响愈发显著，甚至在垂直主裂缝面方向产生次级裂缝，储层改造体积明显增大。

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	郭天魁1
	王继伟1
	2
	3
	翟成2
	3
	陈铭1
	戴彩丽1
	曲占庆1
	张博1

关键词 ：岩石力学；干热岩；裂缝扩展；高温水力压裂实验；数值模拟；热&ndash, 流&ndash, 固耦合；连续&ndash, 非连续单元法

Abstract：Understanding the mechanism of hydraulic fracture propagation in hot-dry-rock(HDR) reservoirs，particularly under the influence of thermal stress and natural fractures，is crucial for effectively guiding hydraulic fracturing design and enhancing geothermal energy development. First，an independently developed high-temperature true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment system is utilized to conduct high-temperature true triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests on granite samples，examining how variations in temperature influence rock fractures. And a 3D thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling model for fracture propagation simulation is created based on the continuum-discontinuum element method. The model's accuracy is verified through comparison with a 3D theoretical model of fracture propagation and high-temperature hydraulic fracturing experiments. Subsequently，numerical simulations of hydraulic fracturing in HDR reservoirs are performed to study the effects of thermal stress and natural fractures on the hydraulic fractures propagation. The results indicate that the induced thermal stress caused by the injected cold water can reduce the reservoir fracture pressure and fracture extension pressure，increase the fracture width and decrease the fracture length. As the temperature of the rock sample rises，the induced thermal stress increases considerably，leading to a significant decrease in the rock fracture pressure observed in both experiments and the numerical simulations. When accounting for the effect of induced thermal stress，hydraulic fracturing can active the natural fractures even when there are significant horizontal geostress differences and large approach angles. Compared with the HDR reservoir without natural fractures，the stimulation reservoir volume of the reservoir with 200 randomly distributed natural fractures increases by 63.8%. As the thermal expansion coefficient of the reservoir rises，the influence of thermal stress becomes increasingly pronounced，leading to the formation of secondary fractures that develop perpendicular to the main fracture surface，and the stimulation reservoir volume increases significantly.

Key words： soil mechanics hot dry rock fracture propagation high-temperature hydraulic fracturing experiment numerical simulation thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling continuum-discontinuum element method

引用本文:

郭天魁1，王继伟1，2，3，翟成2，3，陈铭1，戴彩丽1，曲占庆1，张博1. 热应力和天然裂缝影响下干热岩水力裂缝扩展机制研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(4): 810-826.
GUO Tiankui1，WANG Jiwei1，2，3，ZHAI Cheng2，3，CHEN Ming1，DAI Caili1，QU Zhanqing1，ZHANG Bo1. Mechanism of hydraulic fracture propagation in hot dry rocks under the influence of thermal stress and natural fractures. , 2025, 44(4): 810-826.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0664 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I4/810

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