不同相态CO2诱发断层滑动试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0736

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摘要二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS）技术是实现CO2大规模减排的关键途径，然而，CO2注入地下储层可能会诱发隐伏或邻近断层活化，威胁封存安全。为探究不同相态CO2对断层滑动摩擦特性和稳定性的影响，利用锯切砂岩裂隙模拟断层，基于自主研发的“L”型剪切渗流装置，分别开展含气态CO2、超临界CO2及干燥条件下的速度分级加载剪切试验，并结合速率–状态摩擦（RSF）理论对试验数据进行拟合。结果表明：（1）在1 μm/s加载速率下，各组裂隙均表现出明显的黏滑行为，且摩擦因数在速度切换处的演化规律符合RSF定律；（2）剪切后裂隙面粗糙度显著降低，其中气态CO2组粗糙度的降低程度最大，并伴随法向压缩，而超临界CO2和干燥组则表现为法向膨胀；(3) 含气态CO2、超临界CO2和干燥砂岩裂隙在各速度切换处的断层稳定性系数（a-b）均大于0，呈现一致的速度强化特征。本研究可为CO2地质封存场地的力学稳定性评价及注入风险控制提供一定参考。

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	林亚峰1
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	李霞颖1
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	何淼1
	2
	夏元友3
	李槟1
	2
	李琦1
	2*

关键词 ：岩石力学, CO2地质封存, 断层活化, CO2相态, 速度状态摩擦定律, 速度分级加载

Abstract：Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is recognized as a crucial technology for achieving significant reductions in CO2 emissions. However, the injection of CO2 into underground reservoirs may induce the reactivation of concealed or nearby faults, thereby posing a threat to storage security. To investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of fault reactivation under different CO2 phases, saw-cut sandstone fractures were utilized to simulate faults. This study examined the effects of various CO2 phases on fault frictional behavior and stability by conducting velocity-stepping shear tests under gaseous CO2, supercritical CO2, and dry conditions using a self-developed L-shaped shear-flow apparatus. The experimental data were analyzed and numerically fitted according to the rate-and-state friction (RSF) law. The results indicate that: (1) at a loading rate of 1 μm/s, all samples exhibited pronounced stick-slip behavior, and the evolution of the friction coefficient during velocity steps aligned with RSF predictions; (2) fracture surface roughness significantly decreased after shearing, with the gaseous CO2 group displaying the most substantial weakening accompanied by normal compression, while the supercritical CO2 and dry groups exhibited normal dilation; (3) the fault stability coefficient remained positive across all three conditions during velocity steps, indicating consistent velocity-strengthening behavior. These findings provide valuable experimental insights into the mechanical stability assessment and risk control associated with CO2 geological storage sites.

Key words： rock mechanics CO2 geological storage fault reactivation CO2 phase rate and state friction law velocity-stepping loading

引用本文:

林亚峰1，2，李霞颖1，2，何淼1，2，夏元友3，李槟1，2，李琦1，2*. 不同相态CO2诱发断层滑动试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(S1): 200-212.
LIN Yafeng1, 2, LI Xiaying1, 2, HE Miao1, 2, XIA Yuanyou3, LI Bin1, 2, LI Qi1, 2*. Fault friction and slip stability experiments under different CO2 phase conditions. , 2026, 45(S1): 200-212.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0736 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2026/V45/IS1/200

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