管道周期渗漏诱发地下空腔形成及降雨触发塌陷试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0005

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Abstract Ground collapse is a common geological hazard worldwide, with pipeline leakage and rainfall infiltration serving as two primary triggers. However, the mechanisms governing soil erosion and cavity development caused by cyclic pipeline leakage, as well as the subsequent rainfall-induced collapse, remain poorly understood. This study investigated the complete evolution of this hazard through a series of model tests, encompassing soil erosion induced by cyclic pipeline leakage, cavity development and stabilization, and eventual rainfall-induced collapse. Key physical and mechanical parameters were monitored throughout the tests to characterize the response at each stage of hazard progression, with particular emphasis on the influence of rainfall intensity on cavity collapse patterns. The results revealed that cavity development under cyclic leakage proceeded through three distinct stages: rapid expansion dominated by seepage forces, gradual development governed by the combined effects of seepage and capillarity, and eventual stabilization controlled by capillary forces. No significant surface displacement was observed during cavity evolution. Depending on rainfall intensity, cavity collapse patterns were classified into three types: washout-dominated, rainfall-infiltration-dominated, and groundwater-seepage-dominated collapse. In all cases, collapse occurred abruptly, without apparent surface deformation before failure. Furthermore, the mechanism governing cavity stability was elucidated at both the macroscopic and microscopic scales based on limit equilibrium and capillary theories. At the macroscopic scale, capillary action generated apparent cohesion, thereby significantly enhancing the shear strength of the soil. At the microscopic scale, interparticle capillary forces exceeded the self-weight of individual particles, enabling them to adhere to one another and preventing detachment. This study provides experimental evidence and theoretical insights that advance the understanding of cavity formation induced by pipeline leakage and subsequent collapse triggered by rainfall infiltration.

Key words： soil mechanics pipeline leakage sand erosion rainfall infiltration cavity failure capillary force liquid bridge model

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	WANG Ziye1
	TAN Yong1
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WANG Ziye1,TAN Yong1,2*. Cavity formation induced by cyclic leakage from buried pipelines and subsequent failure due to rainfall infiltration[J]. , 2026, 45(11): 3340-3354.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2026.0005 OR https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/EN/Y2026/V45/I11/3340

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