富水细砂单向冻结超声波时频特性研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0853

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摘要为了掌握富水细砂单向冻结超声波时频参数响应特征，利用NM–4A型非金属声波检测仪，对单向冻结条件下不同冻结锋面位置的富水细砂进行超声波纵波透射试验。利用小波分解、傅里叶变换及连续小波分析等方法，分析局部冻土的声波波形、频谱等参数变化规律。结果表明：(1) 由下至上单向冻结的富水细砂土受水分迁移的影响形成3个声阻抗区域：下部冻结富水区、中部冻结水分降低区和未冻水分降低区，单向冻结过程中接收波时频特征一直受到未冻水分降低区散射衰减作用的影响；(2) 随着冻结锋面高度增加，局部冻结冻土接收波波形周期数目逐渐增多，但散射衰减作用相比于恒温冻结冻土仍较明显；(3) 单向冻结细砂土纵波波速随着冻结锋面高度提升而增加，二者满足三次函数关系，相关性很好；(4) 随着冻结锋面高度增加，频谱特征发生变化，最终频谱出现多峰，主频难分辨，频带宽，高频部分所占比例与低频部分基本相同的现象，由此发现单向冻结后期频谱内不同峰值可表征试件内部已出现的特定声阻抗区主频；(5) 随着冻结锋面高度增加，冻土散射衰减逐渐减小，尾波由较发育转变为不发育；(6) 利用连续小波分析方法可以分析出试件的历史冻结模式：单向冻结冻土主频值位置偏向于冷端，而恒温冻结冻土主频值位置基本位于整个时域的中间位置。

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	张基伟1
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	张松1
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关键词 ：岩石力学, 富水细砂, 单向冻结, 纵波波速, 傅里叶变换, 小波分析

Abstract：To study time-frequency characteristics of ultrasonic P-wave of water-rich fine sand under unidirectional freezing，ultrasonic tests on different freezing front positions of water-rich fine sand under unidirectional freezing were conducted by using NM-4A nonmetal ultrasonic test meter，and the characteristics of acoustic waveform and wave frequency spectrum of partial frozen soil were analyzed through wavelet decomposition，Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transform. The experimental results show that，due to water migration，water-rich fine sand under unidirectional freezing presents three acoustic impedance regions including frozen and water-rich bottom area，frozen and loss water middle area and unfrozen and loss water upper area，and that the time-frequency characteristics of received waves are influenced by scattering effect of unfrozen and loss water upper area during unidirectional freezing. With increasing the height of the freezing front，the wave period number of partial freezing soil increases but the scattering effect of unidirectional freezing is more apparent than constant temperature freezing. The P-wave velocity of fine sand under unidirectional freezing increases with rising the height of the freezing，which relationship can be described by a cubic function with a good correlation. As the height of the freezing front increases，the frequency spectrum changes and is characterized by multi-peak，ambiguity dominant frequency，wide frequency band and the proportion of the high frequency equal to the low frequency，which indicates that，at the later period of unidirectional freezing，different frequency peak values can be used to represent the dominant frequency of specific acoustic impedance region. It is also shown that，with increasing the height of the freezing front，the scattering effect decreases gradually and the coda wave converts from comparative developed to non-developed. Continuous wavelet transform analysis reveals that the historical freezing model can be expressed by that the dominant frequency position of unidirectional frozen soil shifts to the cold side while the dominant frequency position of constant temperature frozen soil locates at the middle of overall time domain.

Key words： rock mechanics')" href="#">

rock mechanics water-rich fine sand unidirectional freezing P-wave velocity Fourier transform ')" href="#">wavelet analysis

引用本文:

张基伟1，2，3，刘书杰1，2，3，4，张松1，2，3，5. 富水细砂单向冻结超声波时频特性研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2020, 39(5): 1061-1070.
ZHANG Jiwei1，2，3，LIU Shujie1，2，3，4，ZHANG Song1，2，3，5. Ultrasonic time-frequency characteristics of water-rich fine sand during unidirectional freezing process#br#. , 2020, 39(5): 1061-1070.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0853 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2020/V39/I5/1061

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