重大滑坡灾变机制与防治新技术研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.1308

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摘要我国重大工程建设时常遭受滑坡灾害影响，复杂的地质环境叠加重大工程建设扰动往往诱发滑坡灾害，准确认识滑坡灾害的致灾机制并研发先进的防控技术具有重大意义。本文结合笔者的研究和实践经历，提出滑坡灾变机制并梳理重大滑坡灾害防治技术的研究进展，研究结果表明：(1) 滑坡机理可概括为滑坡发生的原因、机制和过程。滑坡原因分为滑坡发生的内因与外在诱因，不同滑坡发生的原因不同；滑坡机制即滑动力学机制，可概括为坡体软弱面上的剪应力大于抗剪强度；滑坡过程即滑动演化过程，可从滑坡滑动性质与孕育发展阶段分析。滑动力学机制和滑动演化过程，构成滑坡灾变机制。(2) 以青海湟水河巨型滑坡为例分析滑坡机理，明确该滑坡发生的内因与外在诱因，揭示滑动力学机制，发现大型滑坡蠕动变形、蠕滑突变、滑动突变的科学现象，创立大型滑坡“长期剪切蠕动变形→局域剪切蠕滑突变→整体贯通破裂滑动”的灾变机制。(3) 针对重大工程滑坡防治遭遇的深大滑坡强支挡难题，研发全埋式多锚点抗滑桩与深埋低锚变截面抗滑桩两种滑坡强支挡技术，优化抗滑桩上锚索的布置，使得支挡结构受力更加合理，大幅度减小桩尺寸和锚索长度。(4) 针对重大工程滑坡防治遭遇的灾害险情低扰动快速控制难题，研发竖向钢花管锚索、斜向钢锚管锚索和非开挖锚索抗滑桩3种滑坡低扰动支挡技术，实现灾害险情的快速控制。研究成果为重大滑坡灾变机制研究与防治起到引领示范作用。

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	张玉芳
	范家玮
	袁坤

关键词 ：边坡工程, 滑坡, 机制分析, 防控技术, 抗滑桩

Abstract：Major engineering constructions in China are frequently impacted by landslide disasters due to the complicated geological environment and major engineering construction disturbances. Therefore，it is essential to accurately understand the disaster-induced mechanisms of landslides and develop advanced prevention and control technologies. In this context，the authors present a detailed analysis of the disaster-induced mechanisms of landslides and summarizes research progress in prevention and control technologies for major landslide disasters based on their research and practical experience. The mechanisms of landslides comprise the reasons，mechanical behaviors，and landslide processes，where the reasons can be internal or external and vary depending on the type of landslide. The mechanical behavior，namely sliding mechanical mechanism，of landslides can be summarized as the shear stress on the weak surface of a slope being greater than the shear strength. The sliding evolution process of landslides can be analyzed by examining the sliding properties and development stages of landslides. The sliding mechanical mechanism and sliding evolution process constitute the landslide disaster-induced mechanism. Taking the Huangshui River giant landslide in Qinghai Province as an example，this paper analyzes the landslide mechanism，clarifies the internal and external causes of the landslide，reveals the sliding mechanical mechanism，discovers the scientific phenomenon of large-scale landslide peristaltic deformation, creep sudden deformation, and sliding sudden deformation ，and establishes the disaster-induced mechanism of“long-term shear peristaltic deformation→local shear creep sudden deformation→overall penetration fracture sliding”of large-scale landslide. To address the strong retaining problem of deep and large landslides encountered in major projects，the authors propose two kinds of landslide strong retaining technologies：fully buried multi-anchored anti-sliding pile and deep-buried low-anchored variable section anti-sliding pile. These technologies optimize the anchor cable layout on the anti-sliding piles to optimize mechanical mode of retaining structure and to reduce the pile size and anchor cable length. Additionally，to solve the problem of low disturbance and fast control of landslide dangers in major engineering projects，the author develops three kinds of landslide low disturbance retaining technologies，namely vertical steel floral tube anchor cable，oblique steel floral tube anchor cable，and trenchless anchor cable anti-sliding pile. These technologies enable rapid control of disaster dangers. The author?s research results play a leading role in the research and prevention of major landslide disaster mechanisms.

Key words： slope engineering landslides mechanism analysis prevention and control technology anti-sliding piles

引用本文:

张玉芳，范家玮，袁坤. 重大滑坡灾变机制与防治新技术研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2023, 42(8): 1910-1927.
ZHANG Yufang，FAN Jiawei，YUAN Kun. Disaster-induced mechanisms and prevention and control new technologies of major landslides. , 2023, 42(8): 1910-1927.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2022.1308 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V42/I8/1910

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