加载速率影响下含雁行裂纹–钻孔煤体变形破坏特征研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1022

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摘要为研究加载速率影响下瓦斯抽采钻孔孔周煤体变形破坏特征，开展不同加载速率下含雁行裂纹–钻孔复合缺陷煤样单轴压缩试验，结合数字图像相关技术，分析不同加载速率下复合缺陷煤样的力学特性、破坏模式与表面变形场演化规律。通过计算机视觉技术，进一步研究加载速率影响下钻孔破坏和雁行裂纹扩展特征，揭示含复合缺陷煤样变形破坏的加载速率效应。结果表明：(1) 雁行裂隙–钻孔复合缺陷试样在不同加载速率作用时表现出低加载速率下高强度、高加载速率下低强度的特性，0.2 mm/min为试样的临界加载速率，在临界加载速率处试样的峰值应力、峰值应变、弹性模量的变化趋势发生改变。(2) 不同加载速率下试样均呈现渐进性破坏特征，破坏形式以张拉剪切混合破坏为主，随着加载速率增加拉伸作用逐渐占到主导地位。在雁行裂隙诱导下，低加载速率时表现为沿着新生裂隙与雁行裂隙形成贯通面发生剪切错动破坏，高加载速率时表现为沿着新生裂隙水平张开发生拉伸破坏。(3) 引入钻孔张缩量C来定量表征钻孔变形程度。在低加载速率下钻孔张开，C＞1，随加载速率增加C逐渐降低，在高加载速率下钻孔先张开然后迅速塌缩，最终C＜1。(4) 雁行裂隙在加载作用下发生逆时针方向错动与张开，变形主要集中在不稳定裂隙扩展阶段。随着加载速率的增加，雁行裂隙错动量与张开量均显著增加，且试样受张拉效应增强，张开变形比例逐渐高于错动变形比例。

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	潘红宇
	冯高远
	纪翔
	李佳航
	季冰
	张天军

关键词 ：岩石力学, 加载速率, 抽采钻孔, 雁行裂纹, 钻孔变形, 裂隙扩展

Abstract：In order to investigate the deformation and failure characteristics of coal around gas drainage boreholes under the influence of loading rates，uniaxial compression tests of coal samples with echelon crack and borehole composite defects under different loading rates were carried out. Combined with digital image correlation technology，the mechanical properties，failure modes and deformation field evolution of coal samples with composite defects under different loading rates were analyzed. Through computer vision technology，the characteristics of borehole failure and echelon crack propagation under the influence of the loading rate were further studied，and the loading rate effect of deformation and failure characteristics of coal samples with composite defects was revealed. The results show that：(1) The echelon crack and borehole composite defect samples have the characteristics of high strength at low loading rate and low strength at high loading rate under different loading rates. The critical loading rate of the sample is 0.2 mm/min，and the change trends of peak stress，peak strain and elastic modulus of the sample change at the critical loading rate. (2) The samples present progressive failure characteristics at different loading rates，and the failure mode is dominated by tensile shear mixed failure. With the increase of the loading rate，the tensile effect gradually dominates. Under the induction of echelon cracks，the sample shows shear dislocation failure along the penetration surface formed by new cracks and flying cracks at low loading rate，and shows tensile failure along the horizontal opening of new cracks at high loading rate. (3) The borehole shrinkage C is introduced to quantitatively characterize the degree of borehole deformation. The borehole is opened at low loading rate，and C is greater than 1. With the increase of loading rate，C gradually decreases. At high loading rate，the borehole first opens and then collapses rapidly，and finally C is less than 1. (4) Under the action of loading，the echelon cracks are staggered and opened in the counterclockwise direction，and the deformation is mainly concentrated in the unstable crack propagation stage. With the increase of loading rate，the dislocation momentum and opening amount increase significantly. With the increase of loading rate，the dislocation momentum and opening amount of the echelon crack increase significantly，and the tensile effect of the sample is enhanced，and the opening deformation ratio is gradually higher than the dislocation deformation ratio.

Key words： rock mechanics loading rate extraction drilling echelon cracks drilling deformation crack propagation

引用本文:

潘红宇，冯高远，纪翔，李佳航，季冰，张天军. 加载速率影响下含雁行裂纹–钻孔煤体变形破坏特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(3): 573-586.
PAN Hongyu，FENG Gaoyuan，JI Xiang，LI Jiahang，JI Bing，ZHANG Tianjun. Study on deformation and failure characteristics of coal containing echelon crack-boreholes under the influence of loading rates. , 2024, 43(3): 573-586.

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http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1022 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I3/573

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