冲击扰动下断面形状对深部隧洞岩爆的影响研究

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0546

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摘要深部隧洞岩爆的发生与冲击扰动密切相关，隧洞断面形状会进一步影响岩爆过程及特征。基于国际上首台双轴霍普金森压杆设备，开发冲击动载下二维高应力隧洞洞壁破坏试验功能，对圆形孔、马蹄形孔和矩形孔试样进行了相同静应力和冲击荷载组合加载下岩爆试验，探索断面形状对隧洞岩爆破坏的影响。通过高速相机和DIC技术揭示试样的岩爆过程和应变场演化特征。试验结果表明，不同断面形状试样洞壁岩爆过程可归纳为4个阶段：平静期阶段→裂纹萌生、扩展、贯穿阶段→板裂阶段→岩片弹射阶段。不同断面形状试样洞壁岩爆特征具有显著差异：圆形孔试样应变集中区位于孔洞中心线处，裂纹从弧形过渡到“V”形，岩爆破坏程度最轻，围岩破坏模式为张拉破坏；马蹄形孔试样应变集中区位于拱脚和拱肩之间的直墙区域，裂纹从弧形过渡到“V”形，以张拉和张拉–剪切破坏模式为主；矩形孔试样岩爆破坏程度最严重，应变集中区贯穿整个洞壁，裂纹从直线形过渡到“V”形，以张拉和张拉–剪切破坏模式为主。矩形孔试样整体变形速率较快，应变数值最大为0.003 4，其次为马蹄形试样，最大应变数值为0.002 9，圆形孔试样变形程度相对较低，最大应变数值为0.002 2。对比表明，圆形孔断面能够优化应力或应变分布，提高隧洞整体结构稳定性，破坏程度相对较低；马蹄形孔和矩形孔断面可能因其不规则的形状而产生应力集中，相对更容易发生破坏，破坏程度相对较高。

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	伍武星1
	宫凤强1
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	高明忠2
	ZHANG Zongxian4

关键词 ：岩石力学, 岩爆, 深部隧洞, 隧洞断面形状, 冲击扰动, 双轴霍普金森压杆

Abstract：The occurrence of rockburst in deep tunnels is closely related to impact disturbances，and the tunnel cross-sectional shape further affects the process and characteristics of rockburst. Based on the world?s first biaxial split-Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus，the two-dimensional high-stress tunnel sidewall failure test function under impact loading conditions was developed. Rockburst tests were conducted on specimens with circular hole，D-shaped hole and rectangular hole，all subjected to same coupling of static stress and impact load，to explore the influence of cross-sectional shape on tunnel rockburst. The high-speed camera and DIC were used to unveil the rockburst process and strain field evolution of the specimens. The test results indicate that the rockburst process for specimens with different cross-sectional shapes can be summarized into four stages：the calm stage；crack initiation，propagation，penetration stage；spalling stage and rock fragment ejection stage. There are significant differences in the rockburst characteristics among specimens with different cross-sectional shapes. In circular hole specimens，the strain concentration zone is located at the centerline of the hole，and cracks transition from arc to “V” shape，resulting in the least severe rockburst and a tensile failure mode in the surrounding rock. D-shaped hole specimens have strain concentration zones in the straight wall area between the arch foot and shoulder，with cracks transitioning from arc to“V”shape，primarily demonstrating tensile and tensile-shear failure modes. Rectangular hole specimens experience the most severe rockburst，with a strain concentration zone spanning the entire sidewall，and cracks transitioning from straight line to“V”shape，also primarily demonstrating tensile and tensile-shear failure modes. Rectangular hole specimens show the highest overall deformation rate with a maximum strain value of 0.003 4，followed by D-shaped specimens with a maximum strain value of 0.002 9，and circular hole specimens show relatively lowest deformation rate with a maximum strain value of 0.002 2. Comparative results suggest that circular hole sections can optimize stress or strain distribution，improve the overall structural stability of tunnels，and result in lower severity of rockburst. D-shaped and rectangular hole sections may experience stress concentration due to their irregular shapes，making them relatively more susceptible to damage and resulting in a higher severity of rockburst.

Key words： rock mechanics rockburst deep tunnel tunnel cross-sectional shape impact disturbance biaxial split-Hopkinson pressure bar

引用本文:

伍武星1，宫凤强1，2，3，高明忠2，ZHANG Zongxian4. 冲击扰动下断面形状对深部隧洞岩爆的影响研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(9): 2257-2272.
WU Wuxing1，GONG Fengqiang1，2，3，GAO Mingzhong2，ZHANG Zongxian4. Study on the influence of cross-section shape on rockburst of deep#br# tunnels under impact disturbance. , 2024, 43(9): 2257-2272.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.0546 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/I9/2257

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