硅溶胶自吸渗注浆及泥岩防渗加固

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1002

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摘要遇水泥化是煤矿泥质围岩巷道长期大变形失稳破坏的重要症结，针对常规颗粒性浆材可注性不足问题，系统研究新型纳米级硅溶胶对泥质岩体注浆防渗加固的可行性。基于硅溶胶的胶团结构，阐明硅溶胶的凝胶原理，优选注浆硅溶胶的粒径等级；分析硅溶胶基本物理力学特性和固结泥质软岩的基本防渗特征，结果表明硅溶胶在浆材可注性、凝胶体体积稳定稳定性及注浆结构的防渗性方面相比常规注浆材料具有显著优势，通过硅溶胶注浆黏结可显著降低泥质岩体的孔隙率和渗透性，渗透系数可降低至10－9 cm/s，能够满足煤矿巷道泥质微裂隙岩体注浆防渗的工程需求。针对硅溶胶常规注浆方法对泥质岩体基质系统注浆的低效性，基于泥岩微裂隙与硅溶胶间的亲和力，研究了泥质岩体的硅溶胶自吸渗注浆方法，实现了0.1～40 mD低渗泥质岩芯的吸渗注浆，从微观尺度揭示了硅溶胶的吸渗注浆机制；结果表明利用吸渗特性能够进一步提高硅溶胶对低渗泥岩的注浆渗透性。针对硅溶胶凝胶体强度不足，以铝酸盐水泥作为改性增强剂初步研发了一种以硅溶胶为主要成分的高可注高增强跨尺度复合改性浆材，在浆材可注性、流变性、凝胶可控性和结石体强度与体积稳定性方面表现突出，能够实现对泥质岩体封闭和加固的双重作用。

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关键词 ：岩石力学, 泥质低渗岩体, 硅溶胶, 注浆防渗, 可注性, 自吸渗注浆, 硅溶胶改性增强

Abstract：The mud of argillaceous soft rock is an important crux of long-term large deformation and instability of coal mine argillaceous rock mass roadways. Aiming at the poor injectability of cement slurry to micro-cracks in the rock mass during the mudstone grouting reinforcement process，which leads to poor anti-seepage and reinforcement effect，the feasibility of a new type of nano-silica sol grouting for the anti-seepage reinforcement of argillaceous rock mass was systematically studied. Based on the micelle structure of silica sol，the gel principle of silica sol is clarified，and the particle size grade of grouting silica sol is optimized. The basic physical and mechanical properties of silica sol and the basic anti-seepage characteristics of consolidated argillaceous soft rock are analyzed. The results show that silica sol has significant advantages over conventional grouting materials in terms of grout injectability，gel volume stability，and anti-seepage of the grouting structure. But the gel strength is less. The pore volume and permeability of argillaceous rock mass can be significantly reduced by silica sol grouting bonding，and the permeability coefficient can be reduced to 10－9 cm/s，which can meet the anti-seepage project of grouting argillaceous micro-cracked rock mass in coal mine roadways need. Aiming at the inefficiency of conventional silica sol grouting method for argillaceous rock mass matrix system grouting，based on the affinity between mudstone micro-cracks and silica sol，the grouting method of silica sol self-absorption infiltration grouting method for argillaceous rock mass was studied. The imbibition grouting of 0.1–40 mD low-permeability muddy core was realized，and the mechanism of imbibition grouting of silica sol was revealed from the microscopic scale. The results show that the grouting permeability of silica sol to low-permeability mudstone can be further improved by using the imbibition property. Aiming at the insufficient strength of silica sol-gel，a cross-scale composite modified slurry with silica sol as the main component and high injection height reinforcement was preliminarily developed by using aluminate cement as the modified reinforcing agent. The slurry material has outstanding performance in injectability，rheology，gel controllability，and stone body strength and volume stability，and can achieve dual functions of sealing and strengthening argillaceous rock mass.

Key words： rock mechanics argillaceous low-permeability rock mass silica sol grouting anti-seepage injectability imbibition grouting silica sol modification and enhancement

引用本文:

张农1,2,3,4，项哲1,2，潘东江3,4. 硅溶胶自吸渗注浆及泥岩防渗加固[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2024, 43(S1): 3121-3130.
ZHANG Nong1,2,3,4，XIANG Zhe1,2，PAN Dongjiang3,4. Self-imbibition grouting and argillaceous rock mass anti-seepage reinforcement with silica sol. , 2024, 43(S1): 3121-3130.

链接本文:

http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2023.1002 或 http://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V43/IS1/3121

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