土–岩地层水平孔爆破诱发振动传播特征及预测

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0631

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摘要明确土–岩地层爆破振动特征是控制爆破振动效应影响的重要前提。基于典型城区土–岩地层地下爆破工程，设计并开展土–岩地层水平孔爆破模型试验，结合有限元数值方法，分析爆源因素与场地条件对土–岩地层爆破振动传播规律的影响，最后基于量纲分析建立土–岩地层爆破振动预测模型。结果表明：土–岩界面具有高频滤波特性，自由面存在振动放大特性；R波在远离震中方向发育，导致自由面振速衰减存在分段特征；增大爆源埋深将抑制不连续面振速衰减，削弱土–岩界面能量耗散及场地放大效应；增大岩土体波阻抗比将减缓土–岩界面振速衰减，加快界面能量耗散与自由面振速衰减的同时，场地放大效应得到增强；土层厚度不影响土–岩界面振动特征，但会促进自由面振速衰减，场地放大效应被抑制；在小倾角前提下，土–岩界面角度几乎不影响场地振动；构建的爆破振动预测模型考虑了土–岩地层场地特性，为土–岩地层爆破振动控制提供理论依据。

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	蒙贤忠1
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	3
	夏宇磬1
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	周传波3
	冯庆高3
	蒋楠1
	2
	杨玉民3

关键词 ：数值模拟, 土&ndash, 岩地层, 水平孔爆破, 爆破振动, 模型试验, 振动预测

Abstract：Clarifying the blasting vibration characteristics in soil-rock strata is a critical prerequisite for controlling the effects of blast-induced vibrations. Based on an underground blasting project in a typical urban soil-rock stratum，a model test of horizontal-hole blasting in soil-rock strata was designed and conducted. Combined with finite element numerical methods，the influence of the blasting source and site conditions on the propagation laws of blast-induced vibrations in soil-rock strata was analyzed. Finally，a predictive model for blasting vibration in soil-rock strata was established based on dimensional analysis. The results show that the soil-rock interface exhibits high-frequency filtering characteristics，while the free surface shows a vibration amplification effect. The R-wave develops in the direction away from the epicenter，resulting in a segmented attenuation characteristic of the vibration velocity at the free surface. Increasing the burial depth of the blasting source suppresses the attenuation of vibration velocity across discontinuities，weakening energy dissipation at the soil-rock interface and site amplification effects. Increasing the wave impedance ratio of the rock and soil slows down the attenuation of vibration velocity at the soil-rock interface，while accelerating energy dissipation at the interface and vibration velocity attenuation at the free surface，thus enhancing site amplification effects. Increasing the soil thickness does not affect the vibration characteristics at the soil-rock interface but promotes vibration velocity attenuation at the free surface，suppressing site amplification effects. Under small-angle assumptions，the dip angle of the soil-rock interface almost does not affect site vibration. The constructed blasting vibration prediction model considers the site characteristics of soil-rock strata，providing a theoretical basis for blasting vibration control in such conditions.

Key words： numerical simulation soil-rock strata horizontal-hole blasting blasting vibration model test vibration prediction

引用本文:

蒙贤忠1，2，3，夏宇磬1，2，周传波3，冯庆高3，蒋楠1，2，杨玉民3. 土–岩地层水平孔爆破诱发振动传播特征及预测[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(3): 737-751.
MENG Xianzhong1，2，3，XIA Yuqing1，2，ZHOU Chuanbo3，FENG Qinggao3，JIANG Nan1，2，YANG Yumin3. The propagation characteristics and prediction of vibration induced by horizontal-hole blasting in soil-rock strata. , 2025, 44(3): 737-751.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0631 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I3/737

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