有机质对露天煤矿排土场基底土体力学及渗透性能影响试验研究

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0414

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摘要为了探究露天煤矿排土场基底土体中有机质含量对其强度变形特性的影响，以内蒙古自治区伊敏露天煤矿为研究对象，对不同有机质含量的排土场基底土样开展界限含水量、无侧限抗压强度、直接剪切、反复剪切、渗透等试验及扫描电镜测试，从宏观–微观2个尺度分析有机质含量对其强度变形特性、渗透特性和微观结构的影响。试验结果表明：塑性指数与有机质含量呈正相关；无侧限抗压强度峰值随有机质含量增加而增加，破坏形态由塑性破坏转变为脆性破坏；抗剪强度峰值与有机质含量呈线性形式增加，且在高固结应力下受有机质含量影响更明显，当有机质含量逐渐增大时，黏聚力呈增大趋势，内摩擦角呈减小趋势；素土试样在不同法向固结应力下，3次剪切后抗剪强度衰减均较为明显，为16.88%～21.24%，当有机质掺入后，抗剪强度衰减率大幅度下降，仅为2.17%～7.25%，但随有机质含量增加，试样抗剪强度衰减率基本保持不变；渗透系数随有机质含量增加而减小，其中，试样中有无有机质对渗透系数影响较大，有机质含量从0%到5%渗透系数出现了骤降；通过SEM扫描分析，随着有机质含量上升，土颗粒由点–点、点–面接触逐渐发展为面–面接触，孔隙逐渐被填充，土样进一步趋于密实；将SEM扫描结果导入PCAS软件进行量化分析，微观孔隙率、孔隙度分维值、定向概率熵和分形维数均随着有机质含量增加而增加，孔隙平均形状系数呈先增大后减小的趋势，当有机质含量为15%时，呈现最大值。

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	褚峰1
	罗旭1
	张宏刚2
	戴妍1
	陈挺1
	陈存礼3

关键词 ：采矿工程, 露天煤矿排土场, 有机质含量, 反复剪切, 渗透性能, 微观机制

Abstract：To explore the influence of organic matter content in the basement soil of open-pit coal mines on its mechanical properties，this study focuses on the Yimin open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia. Various tests，including bounded water content，unconfined compressive strength，direct shear，repeated shear，penetration，and SEM，were conducted on dump basement soil samples with different organic matter contents. The effects on mechanical properties，permeability，and microstructure were analyzed at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Results indicate that the plasticity index is positively correlated with organic matter content. The peak unconfined compressive strength increases with higher organic matter，changing the failure mode from plastic to brittle. Peak shear strength also rises linearly with organic matter content，more prominently under high consolidation stress. As organic matter content increases，cohesion increases while the internal friction angle decreases. Under various normal consolidation stresses，the shear strength of plain soil samples significantly decreases after three shear cycles (16.88% to 21.24%). Adding organic matter significantly reduces the shear strength attenuation rate(2.17% to 7.25%)，which remains stable as organic matter content further increases. The permeability coefficient decreases sharply from plain soil to 5% organic matter content，significantly affected by the presence of organic matter. SEM analysis shows soil particles evolving from point-to-point and point-to-surface contact to face-to-surface contact with increasing organic matter，filling pores and making soil denser. Quantitative analysis using PCAS software reveals that microscopic porosity，fractal dimension of porosity，orientation probability entropy，and fractal dimension increase with organic matter content，while the average pore shape coefficient initially increases then decreases，peaking at 15% organic matter.

Key words： mining engineering open-pit coal mine dump organic matter content repeated shear permeability characteristics microscopic mechanism

引用本文:

褚峰1，罗旭1，张宏刚2，戴妍1，陈挺1，陈存礼3. 有机质对露天煤矿排土场基底土体力学及渗透性能影响试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(3): 752-768.
CHU Feng1，LUO Xu1，ZHANG Honggang2，DAI Yan1，CHEN Ting1，CHEN Cunli3. Experimental study on the influence of organic matter on the soil mechanics and permeability of the base soil of open-pit coal mine. , 2025, 44(3): 752-768.

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https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0414 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I3/752