土岩二元深基坑钢管嵌套桩支护协同受力特性现场试验

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0162

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摘要为有效解决传统大直径灌注桩在嵌岩施工中面临的困难与低工效问题，率先将钢管嵌套桩支护结构应用于土岩二元深基坑工程，并系统性开展钢管嵌套桩支护性能的现场试验研究，明确桩身内力随基坑开挖过程的动态演化规律，揭示复合型支护结构的协同受力机制，提出钢管嵌套桩的优化支护方案。结果表明：随开挖深度增加，灌注桩弯矩沿深度方向演化为“波浪”形多峰分布，开挖面附近桩身弯矩波动明显，弯矩极值点逐渐下移，预应力锚索的施加使峰值弯矩降低11%～34%；钢管桩弯矩沿深度方向演化为“S”形非线性分布，交界面上下1.0 m范围内弯矩增幅明显，存在明显的应力集中；前排钢管桩承担主要水土压力，后排桩弯矩波动范围约为前排桩的90%；桩侧预留坡道的支撑作用显著减弱了基坑的开挖卸荷效应，微风化岩层分界面的上移有效抑制了灌注桩底部负弯矩的发展；灌注桩与钢管桩交界面位置变化对桩身受力影响显著，随交界面位置上移，灌注桩和钢管桩弯矩分别向“侧勺”形单峰分布和“波鼓”形多极值分布演化，钢管桩支护受力特性逐渐发挥。同类地质条件下，建议后续基坑工程优先采用钢管嵌套桩优化支护方案，具体设计为：将灌注桩与钢管桩的交界面设置在土岩层分界面以下0.5 m范围内，并使交界面位于锚索MG–4至MG–5之间的区域。该方案可充分发挥钢管嵌套桩的支护性能，确保支护结构的稳定性和施工效率。

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	郝增明1
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关键词 ：桩基工程, 土岩二元地层, 深基坑, 钢管嵌套桩, 现场试验, 协同受力特性, 优化分析

Abstract：To effectively address the challenges of low efficiency and difficulties in rock-socketing construction faced by traditional large-diameter bored piles, this study pioneered the application of the steel pipe nested pile support structure to deep excavation engineering in soil-rock dual strata. A systematic in-situ test study on the support performance of steel pipe nested piles was conducted, clarifying the dynamic evolution of internal forces in pile shafts during the excavation process, revealing the synergistic load-bearing mechanisms of composite support structures, and proposing an optimized support scheme for steel pipe nested piles. The results show that as the excavation depth increases, the bending moments of cast-in-place piles evolve into a “wave-shaped” multi-peak distribution along the depth direction, with significant fluctuations near the excavation face and a gradual downward migration of extreme bending moment points; the application of prestressed anchor cables reduces peak bending moments by 11%–34%. The bending moments of steel pipe piles evolve into a nonlinear “S” shaped distribution along the depth direction, with significant increases within 1.0 m above and below the interface, accompanied by noticeable stress concentration. Front-row steel pipe piles bear the majority of hydrostatic and soil pressures, while the bending moment fluctuation range of rear-row piles is approximately 90% of that of front-row piles. The supporting effect of the reserved side ramp significantly mitigates the excavation-induced unloading effect, and the upward shift of the slightly weathered rock layer interface effectively restricts the development of negative bending moments at the base of cast-in-place piles. The variation in the interface position between cast-in-place piles and steel pipe piles significantly influences the mechanical behavior of the piles. As the interface position shifts upward, the bending moments of cast-in-place piles and steel pipe piles evolve into a “lateral-spoon-shaped” single-peak distribution and a “wave-drum-shaped” multi-extremum distribution, respectively, gradually activating the load-bearing characteristics of steel pipe piles. Under similar geological conditions, it is recommended that subsequent excavation projects prioritize the optimized support scheme for steel pipe nested piles, with the interface between cast-in-place piles and steel pipe piles set within 0.5 m below the soil-rock stratum boundary and positioned between anchor cables MG–4 and MG–5. This design can fully utilize the support performance of steel pipe nested piles, ensuring the stability of the support structure and construction efficiency.

Key words： pile foundation soil-rock dual stratum deep excavation steel pipe nested piles in-situ test synergistic mechanical behavior optimization analysis

引用本文:

郝增明1，白晓宇1，闫楠1，刘俊伟1，张启军1，2. 土岩二元深基坑钢管嵌套桩支护协同受力特性现场试验[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(9): 2515-2532.
HAO Zengming1, BAI Xiaoyu1, YAN Nan1, LIU Junwei1, ZHANG Qijun1, 2. In-situ test on synergistic mechanical behavior of steel pipe nested piles in soil-rock dual-stratum deep excavations. , 2025, 44(9): 2515-2532.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0162 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/I9/2515

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