Abstract：The coupling mechanism between wetting-induced breakage and scale effects in rockfill materials remains insufficiently understood, and predictive methods for wetting deformation considering scale effects are still lacking. In this study, based on the breakage-packing concept, the volumetric deformation induced by wetting-related particle breakage is decomposed into two independent subproblems: the particle breakage evolution and the relationship between breakage and void ratio, providing a framework for unified consideration of wetting breakage and scale effects. Uniaxial compression wetting tests were conducted on rockfill specimens with different representative particle sizes under both single-line and double-line wetting paths. The results demonstrate that the breakage-packing concept is applicable to coupling analysis of wetting deformation and scale effects; after parameter normalization, the breakage index-plastic work relationships under varying particle sizes, moisture states, and wetting paths converge to a single curve, while the breakage index-packing void ratio relationships show invariance with respect to these factors. Finally, incorporating the Weibull scaling law for single-particle breakage, a mathematical volume-stress relationship model was developed to account for the coupled effects of wetting and scale. This model requires only one set of physically meaningful parameters, can be extended to prototype-scale materials, and provides a theoretical basis for predicting deformation of ultra-high rockfill dams during initial reservoir impoundment.
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