(1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; 3. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China)
Abstract：As a precursor signal of rock failure, magnetic fields offer distinct advantages such as slow attenuation, a wide propagation range, and strong anti-interference capability. Investigating the generation mechanisms and evolution patterns of magnetic fields during rock failure not only enhances our understanding of rock failure mechanics but also provides theoretical support for geological hazard prediction. To elucidate the effects of loading rate and water saturation on the magnetic field response mechanisms associated with rock failure, this study selected three typical rock types—coarse sandstone, limestone, and granite—and conducted uniaxial compression tests under controlled loading rates (0.1 mm/min, 0.3 mm/min and 0.5 mm/min) and water conditions (natural dry and vacuum-saturated states). Stress fields, magnetic field signals, and acoustic emission (AE) signals were synchronously recorded to analyze the relationships among magnetic field signals, loading, and AE throughout the entire rock failure process. The results indicate that: (1) Peak magnetic induction intensity increased to varying degrees across all three rock types with increasing loading rates, exhibiting enhancements of approximately 1.6 to 2.7 times; (2) Water saturation triggered a dual-path response: for saturated limestone and granite with low porosity and minimal water content, peak stress remained relatively unchanged compared to the natural state, whereas peak magnetic induction intensity increased substantially due to streaming potential effects; conversely, saturated coarse sandstone, significantly affected by water-induced degradation, exhibited reduced compressive strength and weakened AE activity, with magnetic field characteristics transitioning from abrupt jumps to accelerated growth after peak stress due to the absence of brittle fracture; (3) Loading tests on saturated specimens demonstrated that water reduced both peak stress and AE activity to varying extents while significantly enhancing magnetic field signals; (4) X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that Si- and Fe-bearing minerals such as quartz and pyrite possess electrical and magnetic properties, serving as key material prerequisites for rock magnetic field response. Combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, the analysis confirmed that rocks with dense structures and intense fracturing are more prone to generating significant magnetic field signals. This study highlights the distinct differences in rock magnetic field evolution mechanisms under varying loading rates and water saturation conditions, providing important insights into the physical processes of rock failure and geological hazard prediction.
黄 栋1，2*，刘跃洋1，2，刘舜尧1，2，吴 昊3，赵宗传1，2 . 加载速率与含水状态对岩石破坏磁场响应机制的研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(4): 1014-1031.
HUANG Dong1,2*，LIU Yueyang1,2，LIU Shunyao1,2，WU Hao3，ZHAO Zongchuan1,2 . Magnetic field response mechanism of rock failure under different loading rates and moisture conditions. , 2026, 45(4): 1014-1031.
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2026, Vol. 45 
