Influence of dynamic loading on the macro- and micro-scale characteristics of seepage erosion in sandy gravel
FU Jinyang1, 2*, XIA Yiqian1, SUN Qianhui3, YANG Junsheng1, SHI Yufeng4, CHEN Xiangyu5
(1. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410075, China; 2. National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410075, China; 3. PowerChina Hubei Electric Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430040, China; 4. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China; 5. Foshan Rail Transit Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Foshan,
Guangdong 528000, China)
Abstract：To investigate the impact of train-induced dynamic loading on the migration characteristics of fine particles, this study conducts a series of internal erosion tests on sandy gravel with a representative continuous gradation under dynamic loading conditions. Additionally, a coupled computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) is employed to simulate the internal erosion processes induced by dynamic loading, aiming to reveal the hydraulic and dynamic responses, as well as the underlying mechanisms from both macro and micro perspectives. The results indicate that the application of dynamic loading disrupts the stable structural configuration established under static seepage conditions. However, the system quickly evolves towards a new equilibrium state. Under high-disturbance-intensity dynamic loading, the hydraulic gradient increases instantaneously by approximately 32%, and the time required for the specimen to achieve a new stable state is reduced by about 40% compared to medium-disturbance conditions. During the static stage, the particle size distribution curve of the migrated particles is dominated by fine sand and exhibits a unimodal pattern. Upon the introduction of dynamic loading, the distribution curve gradually transforms into a bimodal form, with the particle size at the second curve peak extending into the coarse-sand range, resulting in a maximum particle size increase of 884.3%. Under static conditions, the overall structure of the specimen remains dense and stable. Low-disturbance-intensity dynamic loading only causes localized contact weakening, promoting a more uniform porosity distribution. As disturbance intensity increases, structural loosening and fluidization of fine particles occur beneath the vibration source, with migrated particles predominantly redepositing in the upstream and downstream regions along the seepage path relative to the vibration source. Under low-disturbance-intensity dynamic loading, particle migration is primarily restricted to localized disturbances of fine particles, while the overall force-chain structure remains relatively stable. As disturbance intensity escalates, dominant force chains gradually align with the vibration direction and undergo continuous breakage and reorganization, leading to the loosening of the granular skeleton and cooperative migration of particles ranging from fine sand to fine gravel. These findings elucidate the macro-micro mechanisms governing fine-particle migration and internal erosion in sandy gravel strata under coupled dynamic loading-seepage conditions, providing theoretical support and experimental evidence for the stability analysis and prevention of seepage erosion in sandy gravel strata subjected to train-induced dynamic loading in rail transit engineering.
傅金阳1，2*，夏祎倩1，孙前辉3，阳军生1，石钰锋4，陈相宇5. 动载作用对砂卵石渗流侵蚀的宏细观特性影响规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026, 45(10): 3144-3156.
FU Jinyang1, 2*, XIA Yiqian1, SUN Qianhui3, YANG Junsheng1, SHI Yufeng4, CHEN Xiangyu5. Influence of dynamic loading on the macro- and micro-scale characteristics of seepage erosion in sandy gravel. , 2026, 45(10): 3144-3156.
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2026, Vol. 45 
