静力触探在大直径超长桩溜桩分析中的应用

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.1612

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摘要静力触探在海洋岩土工程中的应用越来越广泛。随着大直径超长桩在海洋工程中的普遍应用，过大的桩锤自重使得溜桩现象在沉桩过程中频繁发生。因此对于打桩控制而言，合理的判断溜桩区间是十分必要的。针对目前所使用的API规范中桩端阻力与桩侧摩阻的计算方法对大直径超长桩不适应的问题，结合实际工程对溜桩的过程和发生机制进行探讨；利用静力触探测试数据提出在溜桩状态下土阻力的计算方法：利用LCPC(Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées)法计算桩端阻力，提出适合南海土质条件的桩侧摩阻力的分区方法，使用已有方法与灵敏度结合计算桩侧摩阻力，针对南海某平台桩基施工过程中发生的溜桩问题进行研究计算，证实建议方法的可行性，为桩基设计提供参考与依据。

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	贾沼霖1
	闫澍旺1
	杨爱武2
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关键词 ：桩基础, 大直径超长桩, 溜桩, 沉桩阻力, 静力触探, 灵敏度

Abstract：Cone penetration tests are more and more widely used in ocean engineering. Super long and large diameter piles are commonly adopted for constructing ocean platform foundations. The pile-run phenomenon frequently takes place because of the great weight of both the pile and the hammer. The American Petroleum Institute(API) recommendations are commonly used to assess the static pile bearing capacity，which is the sum of the pile end resistance and the shaft friction. The calculation method for estimating the soil resistance during pile-run is different from the static bearing capacity calculation and should be associated with practical engineering observation. Based on the cone penetration test(CPT) data，a procedure for calculating the soil resistance is put forward，in which the shaft friction is computed by using existed method and the tip bearing capacity computed by the improved Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées(LCPC) method. By comparing the soil resistance and the weight of the pile plus the hammer，the equilibrium conditions of pile-run can be established. The suggested method has been used to predict pile-up in a project in the South China Sea，and the calculated results agree well with the observed data，indicating that the proposed method may be helpful to the pile foundation designers in ocean engineering.

Key words： pile foundation long and large diameter piles pile-run soil resistance cone penetration test(CPT) sensitivity

引用本文:

贾沼霖1，闫澍旺1，杨爱武2，张孝卫3. 静力触探在大直径超长桩溜桩分析中的应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(S1): 3274-3282.
JIA Zhaolin1，YAN Shuwang1，YAN Aiwu2，ZHANG Xiaowei3. Application of cone penetration test for the analysis of pile-run of long and large diameter piles in offshore geotechnical engineering. , 2016, 35(S1): 3274-3282.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.1612 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2016/V35/IS1/3274

[1]	郭生昌，吴少霖.沉桩施工溜桩问题分析及解决措施[J].水运工程，2011，12(12)：78-82.(GUO Shengchang，WU Shaolin. Problems of rapid pile sinking during pile driving and solutions[J]. Port and Waterway Engineering，2011，12(12)：78-82.(in Chinese))
[2]	DOVER A R，DAVIDSON J. Large diameter steel pipe piles running under self weight in soft clay：predicted vs. observed behavior—Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Seismic Retrofit[C]//Proceedings of Geo-institute of ASCE. [S.l.]：[s.n.]，2007：1-10.
[3]	DE RUITER J，BERINGEN FL.Pile foundations for large north sea structures[J]. Marine Geotechnology，1979，3(3)：267-314.
[4]	RANDOLPH M F. Science and empiricism in pile foundation design[J].Geotechnique，2003，53(10)：847-875.
[5]	DENNISN D，OLSON R E. Axial capacity of steel pipe piles inclay[C]//Proceedings of Conferenceon Geotechnical Practice in Offshore Engineering，ASCE. Reston：[s.n.]，1983：370-388.
[6]	KRAFT L M，RAY P R，KAGAWA T. Theoretical t-zcurves of Geotechnique Engineering[J]. ASCE，1991，107(11)：1543-1561.
[7]	SEMPLE RM，RIDGENWJ. Shaft capacity of driven pipepiles in clay[C]// Proceedings ofSymposium on Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations，ASCE.Reston：[s.n.]，1984：59-79.
[8]	RANDOLPH MF，MURPHY BS.Shaft capacity of drivenpiles in clay[C]// Proceedings ofthe17th Annual OffshoreTechnical Conference. Houston：[s.n.]，1985：371-378.
[9]	Bustamante M，GIANESELLI L. Pile bearing capacity predictionsby means of static penetrometer CPT[C]// Proceedings ofthe2nd European Symposiumon Penetration Testing. Amsterdam，Netherlands：Balkema，1982：493-500.
[10]	ALMEIDA MSS，DANZIGER FAB，LUNNE T. Use of thepiezocone test to predict the axial capacity of driven and jacked piles in clay[J]. CanadianGeotechnicalJournal，1996，33(1)：23-41.
[11]	ZHANG L，CHEN J J.Effect of spatial correlation of SPT dataon bearing capacity of driven piles in sand[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，2012，49(4)：394-402.
[12]	STEVENS RF. The effect of a soil plug on pile drivability in clay[C]// Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Application of Stress Wave Theory to Piles. Ottawa：[s.n.]，1988：861-868.
[13]	STEVENS RF，WILTSIE E A，TURTON TH. Evaluating pile drivability for hard clay，very dense sand，and rock[C]// Proceedings of the14th Offshore Technology Conference(OTC 4205).Houston，Texas：[s.n.]，1982：465-481.
[14]	Bustamante M，Gianeselli L. Pile bearing capacity predictions by means of static penetrometer CPT[C]//Proceedings of 2nd European Symposium on Penetration Testing. Amsterdam，Netherlands：Balkema，1982：493-500.
[15]	CHEN J，ZHANGL. Effect of spatial correlation of cone tip resistance on the bearing capacity of piles[J]. GeotechnicalGeoenvironmentEngineering，2013，139(3)：494-500.
[16]	龚维明，蒋永生，穆保岗，等. 某海洋平台钢管桩可打性分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2000，22(2)：227-230.(GONG Weiming，JIANG Yongsheng，MU Baogang，et al. Drivability analysis of steel pipe pile of offshore platform[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2000，22(2)：227-230.(in Chinese))
[17]	李雨浓，李镜培，赵仲芳. 基于静力触探试验的静压桩沉桩阻力估算[J]. 路基工程，2010，150(3)：67-70.(LI Yunong，LI Jingpei，ZHAOZhongfang. The estimate of the sinking pile resistance based on the PCTC[J]. SubgradeEngineering，2010，150(3)：67-70.(in Chinese))
[18]	蔡江东，夏红春.大直径嵌岩桩侧阻强化桩土界面影响因素研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(增1)：3 062-3 068.(CAI Jiangdong，XIA Hongchun. Influential factors of pile-soil interface of large-diameterrock-socketed pile as its side resistance strengthens[J]. Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(Supp.1)：3 062-3 068. (in Chinese))
[19]	SCHMERTMANN J H.Guidelines for cone penetration test：performance and design[R]. Washington：US Federal Highway Administration，1978.
[20]	Robertson PK.Closure to“CPT-DMT Correlations”by P. K. Robertson. J.[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2011，137(4)：443-447.
[21]	RADNS，LUNNET.Correlationsbetween piezocone results and laboratory soil properties[R]. Oslo：NorwegianGeotechnical Institute，1986：52-55.
[22]	黄怀州，张孝卫，闫澍旺，等. 海洋工程大直径长桩自由入泥深度计算研究[J]. 石油工程建设，2014，40(1)：8-21.(HUANG Huaizhou，ZHANG Xiaowei，YAN Shuwang，et al.Researchon free penetration depth of large diameter and long pile in offshore engineering[J]. Petroleum Engineering Construction，2014，40(1)：8-21.(in Chinese))
	[23]
[1]	郭生昌，吴少霖.沉桩施工溜桩问题分析及解决措施[J].水运工程，2011，12(12)：78-82.(GUO Shengchang，WU Shaolin. Problems of rapid pile sinking during pile driving and solutions[J]. Port and Waterway Engineering，2011，12(12)：78-82.(in Chinese))
[2]	DOVER A R，DAVIDSON J. Large diameter steel pipe piles running under self weight in soft clay：predicted vs. observed behavior—Richmond-San Rafael Bridge Seismic Retrofit[C]//Proceedings of Geo-institute of ASCE. [S.l.]：[s.n.]，2007：1-10.
[3]	DE RUITER J，BERINGEN FL.Pile foundations for large north sea structures[J]. Marine Geotechnology，1979，3(3)：267-314.
[4]	RANDOLPH M F. Science and empiricism in pile foundation design[J].Geotechnique，2003，53(10)：847-875.
[5]	DENNISN D，OLSON R E. Axial capacity of steel pipe piles inclay[C]//Proceedings of Conferenceon Geotechnical Practice in Offshore Engineering，ASCE. Reston：[s.n.]，1983：370-388.
[6]	KRAFT L M，RAY P R，KAGAWA T. Theoretical t-zcurves of Geotechnique Engineering[J]. ASCE，1991，107(11)：1543-1561.
[7]	SEMPLE RM，RIDGENWJ. Shaft capacity of driven pipepiles in clay[C]// Proceedings ofSymposium on Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations，ASCE.Reston：[s.n.]，1984：59-79.
[8]	RANDOLPH MF，MURPHY BS.Shaft capacity of drivenpiles in clay[C]// Proceedings ofthe17th Annual OffshoreTechnical Conference. Houston：[s.n.]，1985：371-378.
[9]	Bustamante M，GIANESELLI L. Pile bearing capacity predictionsby means of static penetrometer CPT[C]// Proceedings ofthe2nd European Symposiumon Penetration Testing. Amsterdam，Netherlands：Balkema，1982：493-500.
[10]	ALMEIDA MSS，DANZIGER FAB，LUNNE T. Use of thepiezocone test to predict the axial capacity of driven and jacked piles in clay[J]. CanadianGeotechnicalJournal，1996，33(1)：23-41.
[11]	ZHANG L，CHEN J J.Effect of spatial correlation of SPT dataon bearing capacity of driven piles in sand[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal，2012，49(4)：394-402.
[12]	STEVENS RF. The effect of a soil plug on pile drivability in clay[C]// Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Application of Stress Wave Theory to Piles. Ottawa：[s.n.]，1988：861-868.
[13]	STEVENS RF，WILTSIE E A，TURTON TH. Evaluating pile drivability for hard clay，very dense sand，and rock[C]// Proceedings of the14th Offshore Technology Conference(OTC 4205).Houston，Texas：[s.n.]，1982：465-481.
[14]	Bustamante M，Gianeselli L. Pile bearing capacity predictions by means of static penetrometer CPT[C]//Proceedings of 2nd European Symposium on Penetration Testing. Amsterdam，Netherlands：Balkema，1982：493-500.
[15]	CHEN J，ZHANGL. Effect of spatial correlation of cone tip resistance on the bearing capacity of piles[J]. GeotechnicalGeoenvironmentEngineering，2013，139(3)：494-500.
[16]	龚维明，蒋永生，穆保岗，等. 某海洋平台钢管桩可打性分析[J]. 岩土工程学报，2000，22(2)：227-230.(GONG Weiming，JIANG Yongsheng，MU Baogang，et al. Drivability analysis of steel pipe pile of offshore platform[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，2000，22(2)：227-230.(in Chinese))
[17]	李雨浓，李镜培，赵仲芳. 基于静力触探试验的静压桩沉桩阻力估算[J]. 路基工程，2010，150(3)：67-70.(LI Yunong，LI Jingpei，ZHAOZhongfang. The estimate of the sinking pile resistance based on the PCTC[J]. SubgradeEngineering，2010，150(3)：67-70.(in Chinese))
[18]	蔡江东，夏红春.大直径嵌岩桩侧阻强化桩土界面影响因素研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2014，33(增1)：3 062-3 068.(CAI Jiangdong，XIA Hongchun. Influential factors of pile-soil interface of large-diameterrock-socketed pile as its side resistance strengthens[J]. Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering，2014，33(Supp.1)：3 062-3 068. (in Chinese))
[19]	SCHMERTMANN J H.Guidelines for cone penetration test：performance and design[R]. Washington：US Federal Highway Administration，1978.
[20]	Robertson PK.Closure to“CPT-DMT Correlations”by P. K. Robertson. J.[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2011，137(4)：443-447.
[21]	RADNS，LUNNET.Correlationsbetween piezocone results and laboratory soil properties[R]. Oslo：NorwegianGeotechnical Institute，1986：52-55.
[22]	黄怀州，张孝卫，闫澍旺，等. 海洋工程大直径长桩自由入泥深度计算研究[J]. 石油工程建设，2014，40(1)：8-21.(HUANG Huaizhou，ZHANG Xiaowei，YAN Shuwang，et al.Researchon free penetration depth of large diameter and long pile in offshore engineering[J]. Petroleum Engineering Construction，2014，40(1)：8-21.(in Chinese))
	[23]