考虑冻土–桩接触面流变效应的基础长期服役性能演变

doi:10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0240

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摘要接触面力学特性受冻融循环与流变作用存在显著的动态波动，直接影响冻土环境下桩基础长期服役性能，亟需深入研究。利用数值仿真，首先，建立考虑流变效应的冻土黏弹塑性本构模型；其次，对Kelvin模型进行改进，建立冻土–桩接触面黏弹性本构模型；进而构建综合考虑冻土、接触面流变效应的热力直接耦合模型。经室内模型试验验证后，采用该模型开展桩基础长期服役性能演变规律分析。结果表明：该接触面模型可反映应力水平对流变效应的影响。冻融循环过程中，地基升温时上部桩侧摩阻力逐渐降低(降幅39%)，下部桩侧摩阻力相应增大(增幅20%)；降温时反之。此外，流变效应长期作用下，上部桩侧逐渐发挥承载性能，摩阻力增大(增幅50%)，深部相应降低(降幅14%)，中性点在2/5桩长处。桩底压力与桩侧摩阻力存在严格的联动机制；整个桩长范围内桩侧摩阻力分布也存在上、下联动机制，某一深度处桩侧摩阻力的变化受控于整个桩体受力状态与其发展趋势。流变与冻融循环耦合作用，影响桩侧摩阻力的深度分布形态，使得桩基础承载模式动态变化，对桩基础服役性能存在显著影响。研究成果揭示了冻土地基中流变效应对桩基础长期服役性能的显著影响，将为进一步的仿真研究提供参考与借鉴，并为冻土区桩基础设计、施工及运维提供理论支撑。

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	施瑞1
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	温智1
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	王旭1

关键词 ：桩基础, 冻土地基, 接触面, 流变效应, 长期服役性能, 数值仿真

Abstract：Mechanical properties of contact interfaces have significant dynamic fluctuations due to freeze-thaw cycles and rheological effect，which directly affects the long-term service performance of piles in permafrost environments，and remains to be further studied. To employing numerical simulation，firstly，a visco-elastic-plastic constitutive model for frozen soil considering the rheological effect was constructed. Secondly，the conventional Kelvin model was improved and a visco-elastic constitutive model for the contact interface between frozen soil and pile was constructed. Furthermore，a thermal-mechanical fully coupling model was established considering the rheological effect of both frozen soil and the contact interface. Verified by laboratory model test，this model was employed to reveal the evolution law of long-term service performance of pile. Results show that：The proposed contact interface model can reflect the influence of stress level on rheological effect. During the freeze-thaw cycle，the shaft resistance gradually decreased(39%) on the upper pile as the ground temperature rose，while accompanied by a corresponding increase(20%) on the lower pile. The reverse is true when the ground temperature drops. In addition，under the long-term rheological effect，the bearing capacity gradually exerts in the upper pile and the shaft resistance increases(50%)，while a 14% decrease in the deep pile correspondingly. The neutral point is at 2/5 pile length. In the end，there is a strict linkage mechanism between tip resistance and shaft resistance. In the whole pile length，the distribution of shaft resistance also has an up-down linkage mechanism，and the change of shaft resistance at a certain depth is governed by the stress state and its development trend of the whole pile. The coupling effect of rheology and freeze-thaw cycles affects the depth distribution of shaft resistance，which results in a dynamical changes in bearing mode of the pile，and ultimately has a significant influence on the service performance of the pile. Research results reveal the significant influence of rheological effect on the long-term service performance of piles in permafrost ground，which would offer a reference and basis for further simulation research，and provide theoretical support for the design，construction，operation，and maintenance of piles in permafrost regions.

Key words： pile foundation frozen ground contact interface rheological effect long-term service performance numerical simulation

引用本文:

施瑞1，2，温智1，2，王旭1. 考虑冻土–桩接触面流变效应的基础长期服役性能演变[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2025, 44(S1): 262-272.
SHI Rui1，2，WEN Zhi1，2，WANG Xu1. Evolution of long-term service performance of foundation considering rheological effect of contact interface between frozen soil and pile. , 2025, 44(S1): 262-272.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2024.0240 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V44/IS1/262

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[17]	安关峰，高大钊. 接触面弹黏塑性本构关系研究[J]. 土木工程学报，2001，34(1)：88-91.(AN Guanfeng，GAO Dazhao. Research on elastic-visco-plastic constitution of interfaces[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal，2001，34(1)：88-91.(in Chinese))
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[21]	张俊兵. 青藏铁路多年冻土区桥梁工程关键技术研究[博士学位论文][D]. 兰州：兰州大学，2005.(ZHANG Junbing. Study on key technologies of bridge engineering in permafrost region of Qinghai—Tibet Railway[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou：Lanzhou University，2005.(in Chinese))
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[24]	杨永鹏. 考虑切向流变的多年冻土区桩基沉降变形研究[硕士学位论文][D]. 兰州：兰州理工大学，2011.(YANG Yongpeng. Research of sedimentation deformation of pile foundation in permafrost area considering tangential rheology[M. S. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou：Lanzhou University of Technology，2011.(in Chinese))
[25]	徐春华. 多年冻土区砼灌注桩竖向承载性能研究[博士学位论文][D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2009.(XU Chunhua. Research on axial bearing behavior of cast-in-place concrete pile in permafrost region[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology，2009.(in Chinese))
[26]	魏彦京，温智，高樯，等. 青藏高原多年冻土区埋地输气管道周围温度场数值分析[J]. 冰川冻土，2019，41(5)：1 078-1 086.(WEI Yanjing，WEN Zhi，GAO Qiang，et al. Numerical analysis of temperature fields around the buried gas pipeline in permafrost regions of Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2019，41(5)：1 078-1 086.(in Chinese))
[27]	张建明. 青藏高原冻土路基稳定性及公路工程多年冻土分类研究[博士学位论文][D]. 兰州：中国科学院大学中科院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，2004.(ZHANG Jianming. Sudy on roadbed stability in permafrost regions on Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau and classification of permafrost in highway engineering[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou：Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Sciences，2004.(in Chinese))
[28]	徐学祖，王家澄，张立新. 冻土物理学[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2010：74-85.(XU Xuezu，WANG Jiacheng，ZHANG Lixin. Frozen soil physics[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2010：74-85.(in Chinese))
[29]	陈赵育，李国玉，穆彦虎，等. 混凝土的入模温度和水化热对青藏直流输电线路冻土桩基温度特性的影响[J]. 冰川冻土，2014，36(4)：818-827.(CHEN Zhaoyu，LI Guoyu，MU Yanhu，et al. Impact of molding temperature and hydration heat of concrete on thermal properties of pile foundation in permafrost regions along the Qinghai—Tibet DC Transmission Line[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology，2014，36(4)：818-827.(in Chinese))
[30]	李双洋. 多年冻土区铁路路基热-力稳定性数值仿真研究[博士学位论文][D]. 兰州：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，2008.(LI Shuangyang. Numerical study on the thermal-mechanical stability of railway subgrade in permafrost regions[Ph. D. Thesis][D]. Lanzhou：Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Sciences，2008.(in Chinese))
[31]	张晓. 青藏公路多年冻土区热棒路基变形监测及理论分析[硕士学位论文][D]. 北京：北京交通大学，2018.(ZHANG Xiao. Deformation monitoring and theoretical analysis of heat pipe subgrade of Qinghai—Tibet Highway in permafrost region[M. S. Thesis][D]. Beijing：Beijing Jiaotong University，2018.(in Chinese))