基于声发射时空演化的岩石全应力–应变曲线阶段特征分析

doi:10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0594

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摘要

岩石单轴压缩变形破坏全过程的应力阶段划分及其声发射特征，有助于预测加载岩石所处的应力状态。本文以粉砂岩为例，从声发射事件累积曲线、频率时间散点图、空间分布特征3个方面，确定岩石全应力–应变曲线七个阶段的声发射特征。首先，对声发射事件上述3个方面的各种几何特征进行初步归纳，定义了AE平台、AE阶梯、主频带、贯频、加密集聚等特征，可更细致地表现声发射的演化规律。其次，通过粉砂岩FSA单轴压缩实验的声发射定位，得到全应力–应变过程7个阶段声发射的时空演化特征，发现声发射事件累积曲线、频率时间散点分布、AE事件空间分布的组合特征可以独立地识别七个阶段。细观机制分析表明，来自于应力的裂隙机制和原始裂隙构形的尺度、方位，对各应力阶段声发射综合演化特征有重大影响。类似于地震弹性回跳理论，岩样峰前软化段(第四阶段)的构造集聚形成剪切局部化，导致了峰后应力跌落主破裂的发生，更多声发射由弹性能释放造成的裂隙损伤过程激发，峰前软化段的声发射特征(AE大平台、AE阶梯，纵向AE主频线变稀疏、变贯通，多区加密集聚型)可以作为岩石破坏前兆。最后，进行不同岩性声发射时空演化特征的比较，发现声发射特征受细观裂隙激发超声振动这一物理过程的控制，粗硬的矿物颗粒、较强的颗粒胶结强度、分布均匀的微构造，容易被激发出更多的声发射事件、更多的频带和贯频。因此，应用声发射时空演化特征监测识别岩石的应力加载状态时，必须系统地考虑岩石结构构造对细观裂隙过程的影响。

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	邓绪彪
	刘远征
	邢矿
	于怀昌

关键词 ：岩石力学；岩石破坏；声发射；全应力&ndash, 应变曲线；频率；细观机制

Abstract：

It is important to understand the stage division and its AE characteristics during rock deformation process. This helps when making prediction about the rock¢s stress state. With an example of siltstone，the AE characteristics for each of seven stages of the whole stress-strain curve were given in this paper. AE characteristics applied for this purpose were combined by three aspects. They are curves of AE events accumulation vs. time，AE frequency distribution scattering vs. time and AE events locations in rock space by stages. For convenience to making more accurate descriptions of AE temporal-spatial evolution，some definitions of typical characteristics for the above three AE aspects were given firstly. According to their geometric form, the AE characteristics were described as AE platform，AE multistep upward，band of major frequency，cutting frequency，intensive gathering，etc.. Secondly, experiments of monitoring and 3D location of acoustic emission(AE) were carried out on siltstone during its deformation under uniaxial compression. It is investigated temporal-spatial evolution characteristics of AE in each stage of the process. It was found to be identifiable for each of the seven stages by application of the three combining AE properties. Upon meso-mechanical analysis，the comprehensive evolution state of AE may be greatly influenced by fracturing mechanism. This mechanism is determined by local stress state in rock and sizes and azimuth of the original fissures therein. Similar to process of elastic rebound in earthquake，the process of shear localization in rock was formed by AE events gathering around micro structure therein during the softening stage(the 4th stage). This leads to stress drop with major fracturing in rock. Then more AEs were triggered by meso-fracturing process with release of strain energy during elastic rebound. Thus the combining three AE properties in the 4th stage，i.e. AE platform，AE multistep upward，band of major frequency in a line shape with cutting frequencies，AE intensive gathering in several zones of rock space，would be taken as precursors prior to rock failure. Finally，the three combining AE properties were compared on other three different kinds of rocks. It was concluded that AE properties were controlled by triggering process of ultrasonic with meso-fracturing. The harder and bigger the mineral particles，stronger cementation between them，and more micro structures distributed in rock homogeneously，the more AE events，more frequency bands and cutting frequencies produce. Therefore，it is necessary to investigate systematically influences of meso-fracturing by rock¢s micro structure when applying AE properties to monitoring and indentifying stress state of rock during its loading process.

Key words： rock mechanics rock failure acoustic emission whole stress-strain curve frequency meso-mechanism

引用本文:

邓绪彪，刘远征，邢矿，于怀昌. 基于声发射时空演化的岩石全应力–应变曲线阶段特征分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2018, 37(S2): 4086-4099.
DENG Xubiao，LIU Yuanzheng，XING Kuang，YU Huaichang. Analysis based on AE space-time evolution characteristics for stage division of whole stress-strain curve of rock. , 2018, 37(S2): 4086-4099.

链接本文:

https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.0594 或 https://rockmech.whrsm.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V37/IS2/4086

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